Subregional loss of putaminal efferents to the basal ganglia output nuclei may cause parkinsonism in striatonigral degeneration

In this study, we examined the topographic involvement of the putaminal projection neurons and their axons in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, which we visualized by calcineurin immunostaining, in the basal ganglia of patients with striatonigral degeneration (SND).In all cases examined, there was a marked decrease in number of calcineurin-immunopositive neurons in the caudal and lateral portion of the putamen. Also, marked depletion of calcineurin-immunoreactive putaminal efferents was consistently present in the posteroventrolateral portions of the globus pallidus interna (GPi) and externa, and in the ventrolateral portion of the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) topographically corresponding to the putaminal lesion. In view of the functional model of the basal ganglia "motor" circuit, these findings suggest that subregional deafferentation of the GPi/SNr (i.e., basal ganglia output nuclei) from putaminal inputs may be responsible for parkinsonism in patients with SND. NEUROLOGY 1996;47: 1032-1036

[1]  A. Churchyard,et al.  Dopa resistance in multiple‐system atrophy: Loss of postsynaptic D2 receptors , 1993, Annals of neurology.

[2]  C. Gerfen.  The neostriatal mosaic: multiple levels of compartmental organization in the basal ganglia. , 1992, Annual review of neuroscience.

[3]  S. Ed.  The history of veterinary medicine in Alabama, 1892-1952. , 1990 .

[4]  S. Goto,et al.  Met‐enkephalin immunoreactivity in the basal ganglia in Parkinson's disease and striatonigral degeneration , 1990, Neurology.

[5]  M. Delong,et al.  Primate models of movement disorders of basal ganglia origin , 1990, Trends in Neurosciences.

[6]  G. E. Alexander,et al.  Functional architecture of basal ganglia circuits: neural substrates of parallel processing , 1990, Trends in Neurosciences.

[7]  J. Kepes,et al.  Parkinsonism due to a basal ganglia lacunar state , 1990, Neurology.

[8]  S. Goto,et al.  Immunohistochemical study of the striatal efferents and nigral dopaminergic neurons in parkinsonism‐dementia complex on guam in comparison with those in Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases , 1990, Annals of neurology.

[9]  R. Mayeux,et al.  Measurement and prediction of functional capacity in Alzheimer's disease , 1990, Neurology.

[10]  L. Thal,et al.  The Lewy body variant of Alzheimer's disease , 1990, Neurology.

[11]  G. E. Alexander,et al.  Basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits: parallel substrates for motor, oculomotor, "prefrontal" and "limbic" functions. , 1990, Progress in brain research.

[12]  J. Penney,et al.  The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders , 1989, Trends in Neurosciences.

[13]  S. Goto,et al.  Subdivisional involvement of nigrostriatal loop in idiopathic parkinson's disease and striatonigral degeneration , 1989, Annals of neurology.

[14]  N. Quinn,et al.  Multiple system atrophy--the nature of the beast. , 1989, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[15]  J. Palacios,et al.  Dopamine receptors in human brain: autoradiographic distribution of D1 and D2 sites in Parkinson syndrome of different etiology , 1989, Brain Research.

[16]  J. Steinbach,et al.  How many kinds of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor are there? , 1989, Trends in Neurosciences.

[17]  J. Penney,et al.  Differential loss of striatal projection neurons in Huntington disease. , 1988, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[18]  S. Kish,et al.  Uneven pattern of dopamine loss in the striatum of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Pathophysiologic and clinical implications. , 1988, The New England journal of medicine.

[19]  B. Ratcliff,et al.  Handbook of Parkinson's Disease , 1988, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[20]  E. Miyamoto,et al.  Morphological characterization of the rat striatal neurons expressing calcineurin immunoreactivity , 1987, Neuroscience.

[21]  G. Collingridge,et al.  Characterization of an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor component of synaptic transmission in rat hippocampal slices , 1987, Neuroscience.

[22]  R. Burke,et al.  A case of parkinsonism following striatal lacunar infarction. , 1986, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[23]  J. Berciano,et al.  Vascular parkinsonism and periarteritis nodosa , 1986, Neurology.

[24]  D. Chadwick,et al.  Arteriovenous malformations of the brain: natural history in unoperated patients. , 1986, Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry.

[25]  E. Tolosa,et al.  Parkinsonism and basal ganglia infarcts , 1984, Neurology.

[26]  A. Parent,et al.  The striatopallidal and striatonigral projections: two distinct fiber systems in primate , 1984, Brain Research.

[27]  A. Delgado-Escueta,et al.  Type II complex partial seizures: poor results of anterior temporal lobectomy. , 1984, Neurology.

[28]  L. J. Rubinstein,et al.  The striatonigral degenerations. Putaminal pigments and nosology. , 1975, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[29]  D. Williams.  The border-land of epilepsy revisited. The seventh Gowers memorial lecture. , 1975, Brain : a journal of neurology.

[30]  H. E. Rosvold,et al.  Topographic projections on the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra of selectively placed lesions in the precommissural caudate nucleus and putamen in the monkey. , 1971, Experimental neurology.

[31]  Y. Kuroiwa,et al.  Failed levodopa therapy in striato-nigral degeneration. , 1971, Lancet.

[32]  H. Miller.  Medical education and medical research. , 1971, Lancet.

[33]  K. Jellinger,et al.  ["Striato-nigral degeneration"]. , 1968, Acta neuropathologica.

[34]  C Worster-Drought,et al.  HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA , 1929, British medical journal.