Measurements of total and regional body composition in preschool children: A comparison of MRI, DXA, and anthropometric data

There are clear sex differences in the distribution of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in adults, with males having more VAT and less SAT than females. This study assessed whether these differences between the sexes were already present in preschool children. It also evaluated which measures of body composition were most appropriate for assessing abdominal obesity in this age group.

[1]  Jimmy D Bell,et al.  Whole Body Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Healthy Newborn Infants Demonstrates Increased Central Adiposity in Asian Indians , 2009, Pediatric Research.

[2]  M. Malavolti,et al.  The invisible fat , 2007, Acta paediatrica.

[3]  A. Pietrobelli,et al.  Childhood Obesity: Looking Into the Future , 2008, Angiology.

[4]  K. Fox,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging of abdominal adiposity in a large cohort of British children , 2008, International Journal of Obesity.

[5]  Philippe Pibarot,et al.  Abdominal obesity and the metabolic syndrome: contribution to global cardiometabolic risk. , 2008, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[6]  L. Lönn,et al.  BMI Changes during Childhood and Adolescence as Predictors of Amount Adult Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Men – the GOOD Study , 2009 .

[7]  N. Butte,et al.  Evaluating body fat in girls and female adolescents: advantages and disadvantages of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. , 2002, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[8]  M. Garaulet,et al.  [Regional distribution of the body fat: use of image techniques as tools for nutritional diagnosis]. , 2010, Nutricion hospitalaria.

[9]  C. D. Claussen,et al.  Age and gender related effects on adipose tissue compartments of subjects with increased risk for type 2 diabetes: a whole body MRI / MRS study , 2005, Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine.

[10]  Kerstin Albertsson-Wikland,et al.  Continuous growth reference from 24th week of gestation to 24 months by gender , 2008, BMC pediatrics.

[11]  R. Ross,et al.  Waist circumference and not body mass index explains obesity-related health risk. , 2004, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[12]  Joel Kullberg,et al.  Adipose tissue distribution in children: Automated quantification using water and fat MRI , 2010, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[13]  R. Stolk,et al.  Comparison of methods to assess body fat in non-obese six to seven-year-old children. , 2010, Clinical nutrition.

[14]  S. Gaito,et al.  Waist-to-height ratio is a highly sensitive index for the metabolic syndrome in a Mediterranean population. , 2009, Metabolic syndrome and related disorders.

[15]  P. Björntorp.  Adipose tissue distribution and function. , 1991, International journal of obesity.

[16]  Bostjan Likar,et al.  Intensity inhomogeneity correction of multispectral MR images , 2006, NeuroImage.

[17]  Fritz Schick,et al.  Correlation of Fat Distribution in Whole Body MRI With Generally Used Anthropometric Data , 2009, Investigative radiology.

[18]  M. Ashwell,et al.  A study of central fatness using waist-to-height ratios in UK children and adolescents over two decades supports the simple message – ‘keep your waist circumference to less than half your height’ , 2006, International Journal of Obesity.

[19]  J V Hajnal,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging of total body fat. , 1998, Journal of applied physiology.

[20]  N. Modi,et al.  Adipose Tissue Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Newborn , 2004, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[21]  D. Grobbee,et al.  Body fat distribution and early arterial changes in healthy 5-year-old children , 2012, Annals of medicine.

[22]  A. Tjønneland,et al.  Waist circumference and body composition in relation to all-cause mortality in middle-aged men and women , 2005, International Journal of Obesity.

[23]  M. Goran,et al.  Birth Weight and Body Composition in Overweight Latino Youth: A Longitudinal Analysis , 2008, Obesity.

[24]  S. Heymsfield,et al.  Are dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry regional estimates associated with visceral adipose tissue mass? , 2002, International Journal of Obesity.

[25]  T. Ohzeki,et al.  Age and Sex Differences in Fat Distribution in Non-Obese Japanese Children , 2010, Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM.

[26]  A. Niklasson,et al.  Swedish population‐based longitudinal reference values from birth to 18 years of age for height, weight and head circumference , 2002, Acta paediatrica.

[27]  Tamara B Harris,et al.  Comparisons of percentage body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-stature ratio in adults. , 2009, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[28]  J. Pankow,et al.  Changes in Insulin Resistance and Cardiovascular Risk During Adolescence: Establishment of Differential Risk in Males and Females , 2008, Circulation.

[29]  T. Harris,et al.  Waist circumference and mortality. , 2008, American journal of epidemiology.

[30]  S. Bergman,et al.  Population‐based waist circumference and waist‐to‐height ratio reference values in preschool children , 2009, Acta paediatrica.

[31]  Adrian K. Dixon,et al.  Measuring Abdominal Adipose Tissue: Comparison of Simpler Methods with MRI , 2011, Obesity Facts.

[32]  M. Garaulet,et al.  Distribución regional de la grasa corporal. Uso de técnicas de imagen como herramienta de diagnóstico nutricional , 2010 .

[33]  P. Björntorp.  Abdominal obesity and the development of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. , 1988, Diabetes/metabolism reviews.

[34]  K. Bae,et al.  Total and intraabdominal fat distribution in preadolescents and adolescents: measurement with MR imaging. , 2007, Radiology.

[35]  Hong Yan,et al.  An adaptive spatial fuzzy clustering algorithm for 3-D MR image segmentation , 2003, IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging.