Ambiente virtual: ainda uma proposta para o ensino Teaching and learning environments: still a proposition

Resumo O ambiente virtual de ensino e aprendizado envolve uma grande variedade de recursos educacionais que estao fundamentados na utilizacao de computadores e programas bem como no treinamento de profissionais. As principais criticas ao modelo virtual de ensino se referem a ausencia da interacao humana face-a-face e a falta de programas que invistam na preparacao dos educadores para usar as ferramentas computacionais, acompanhando o avanco da tecnologia. Este trabalho mostra uma visao geral sobre a estruturacao destes ambientes virtuais e sua utilizacao no ensino da quimica. Um estudo sobre o perfil computacional de 15 escolas e 16 professores que lecionam para um publico infanto-juvenil de 3.253 estudantes no estado do Rio de Janeiro tambem foi realizado. A despeito dos problemas, o ensino virtual ainda pode ser utilizado como uma ferramenta para proporcionar o aprendizado a um numero significativo de pessoas pertencentes ou nao ao sistema educacional tradicional. Palavras-chave : educacao virtual; recursos computacionais; ambientes virtuais de ensino. Abstract Virtual teaching and learning environment (TLEs) refers to a wide range of computer-based and computer-supported education and training systems. The main drawback of TLEs approach is the lack of the face-to-face human interaction and the absence of effective teachers training programs in using computational resources. This work provides a general overview of the main structure of the TLEs, introducing the most recent concepts about them and their use in chemistry. A study involving 15 schools and 16 teachers that work with 3250 students was also made in Rio de Janeiro state. Despite the problems, the TLEs still can be used as a tool to offer education to a significant number of people with access or not to the traditional educational system. Keywords : teaching and learning environments; computer-supported education; computational resources.

[1]  Chris Dede,et al.  The evolution of distance education: Emerging technologies and distributed learning , 1996 .

[2]  Toshio Okamoto,et al.  Future integrated learning environments with multimedia , 2001, J. Comput. Assist. Learn..

[3]  Claus Pahl,et al.  Managing evolution and change in web-based teaching and learning environments , 2003, Comput. Educ..

[4]  Robert E. Kraut,et al.  Internet paradox. A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? , 1998, The American psychologist.

[5]  Peggy Hines,et al.  Crossing boundaries: Virtual collaboration across disciplines , 1998 .

[6]  Vitor F. Ferreira.  As tecnologias interativas no ensino , 1998 .

[7]  Magnus Moar,et al.  The VERTEX project: designing and populating shared 3D virtual worlds in the primary (elementary) classroom , 2003, Comput. Graph..

[8]  George D. Magoulas,et al.  Adaptive web-based learning: accommodating individual differences through system's adaptation , 2003, Br. J. Educ. Technol..

[9]  M. Eichler,et al.  Computadores em educação química: estrutura atômica e tabela periódica , 2000 .

[10]  Ruben Gonzalez.  Disciplining Multimedia , 2000, IEEE Multim..

[11]  Elsabé Cloete,et al.  Electronic education system model , 2001, Comput. Educ..

[12]  On mediation in virtual learning environments , 2001, Internet High. Educ..

[13]  B. Parkinson,et al.  Extending the learning experience using the Web and a knowledge-based virtual environment , 2002, Comput. Educ..

[14]  Andy Lock Yen Low,et al.  Multimedia learning systems: a future interactive educational tool , 2003, Internet High. Educ..

[15]  Johannes C. Cronjé.  Metaphors and models in Internet-based learning , 2001, Comput. Educ..

[16]  Timothy Koschmann,et al.  Using Technology to Assist in Realizing Effective Learning and Instruction: A Principled Approach to the Use of Computers in Collaborative Learning , 1994 .

[17]  Theresa Julia Zielinski,et al.  Using computers in chemistry and chemical education , 1997 .

[18]  A. Trikic.  Evolving open learning environments using hypermedia technology , 2001, J. Comput. Assist. Learn..

[19]  Linda Harasim,et al.  Teaching and Learning On-Line: Issues in Computer-Mediated Graduate Courses , 2009 .

[20]  Donald P. Ely,et al.  Conditions That Facilitate the Implementation of Educational Technology Innovations , 1990 .

[21]  Eva Mary Bures,et al.  Computer‐supported collaborative learning and distance education , 1996 .

[22]  Binshan Lin,et al.  Web-based teaching and learner control: a research review , 2001, Comput. Educ..

[23]  Flora Chia-I Chang.  Intelligent assessment of distance learning , 2002, Inf. Sci..

[24]  Saulo Faria Almeida Barretto,et al.  Combining interactivity and improved layout while creating educational software for the Web , 2003, Comput. Educ..

[25]  John O'Donoghue,et al.  Virtual education in universities: a technological imperative , 2001, Br. J. Educ. Technol..