Advances in olfaction-inspired biomaterials applied to bioelectronic noses

Among all the senses, olfactory system of mammals is the least characterised as far as the mechanisms of odour identification are concerned. The results of recent investigations allow better understanding of the operation mechanism of the sense of smell. Progress in this field is crucial for the development of sensor technology based on olfaction-inspired biomaterials, which simulate the olfactory system of the biological counterparts. The biosensor matrices with a receptor layer which simulates biological sense of smell are successfully implemented in the construction of the devices classified as bioelectronic noses. Development of the technique of ‘electronic/artificial noses’ such as bioelectronic nose instruments (bioelectronic nose, biomimetic electronic nose, bio- enose, b- enose) foreshadows changes in more specific and sensitive odour analysis. Structure and operation mechanisms of biological olfactory systems are presented in this paper. A state of the art in the field of biosensing materials employed in biosensors and utilised for construction of the bioelectronic noses as well as future trends in smell recognition instruments are discussed. A summary of common methods used for the development and immobilization of materials based on the elements of the biological olfactory system is provided.

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