Remote Detection of Moisture and Bio-Deterioration of Building Walls by Time-Of-Flight and Phase-Shift Terrestrial Laser Scanners

Detection of bio-deterioration and moisture is one of the most important tasks for comprehensive diagnostic measurements of buildings and structures. Any undesirable change in the material properties caused by the action of biological agents contributes to gradual aesthetic and physical damage to buildings. Very often, such surface changes can lead to structural defects or poor maintenance. In this paper, radiometric analysis of point clouds is proposed for moisture and biofilm detection in building walls. Recent studies show that remote terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) technology is very useful for registering and evaluating the technical state of the deterioration of building walls caused by moisture and microorganisms. Two different types of TLS, time-of-flight and phase-shift scanners, were used in the study. The potential of TLS radiometric data for detecting moisture and biofilm on wall surfaces was tested on two buildings. The main aim of the research is to compare two types of scanners in the context of their use in the detection of moisture and microorganisms.

[1]  B. Cwalina.  11 – Biodeterioration of concrete, brick and other mineral-based building materials , 2014 .

[2]  Felipe Buill,et al.  Geometric Analysis on Stone Façades with Terrestrial Laser Scanner Technology , 2017 .

[3]  Burcu Akinci,et al.  Automatic Creation of Semantically Rich 3D Building Models from Laser Scanner Data , 2013 .

[4]  Christine C. Gaylarde,et al.  Deteriogenic biofilms on buildings and their control: A review , 1999 .

[5]  Giuseppina Vacca,et al.  Structure from Motion Point Clouds for Structural Monitoring , 2019, Remote. Sens..

[6]  Ruut Hannele Peuhkuri,et al.  Moisture and Bio-deterioration Risk of Building Materials and Structures , 2010 .

[7]  J. L. Lerma,et al.  Characterisation of Intensity Values on Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Recording Enhancement , 2017 .

[8]  Stephanie Glendinning,et al.  Moisture monitoring in clay embankments using electrical resistivity tomography , 2015 .

[9]  J. I. San José Alonso,et al.  COMPARING TIME-OF-FLIGHT AND PHASE-SHIFT. THE SURVEY OF THE ROYAL PANTHEON IN THE BASILICA OF SAN ISIDORO (LEÓN) , 2012 .

[10]  Ants Vain,et al.  Use of Naturally Available Reference Targets to Calibrate Airborne Laser Scanning Intensity Data , 2009, Sensors.

[11]  Diego González-Aguilera,et al.  Terrestrial laser scanning intensity data applied to damage detection for historical buildings , 2010 .

[12]  Lijun Xu,et al.  Terrestrial Laser Scanning Intensity Correction by Piecewise Fitting and Overlap-Driven Adjustment , 2017, Remote. Sens..

[13]  Mostafa Rabah,et al.  Automatic concrete cracks detection and mapping of terrestrial laser scan data , 2013 .

[14]  Anttoni Jaakkola,et al.  Analysis of Incidence Angle and Distance Effects on Terrestrial Laser Scanner Intensity: Search for Correction Methods , 2011, Remote. Sens..

[15]  Czesław Suchocki,et al.  Terrestrial laser scanning harnessed for moisture detection in building materials – Problems and limitations , 2018, Automation in Construction.

[16]  Giordano Teza,et al.  Effects of surface irregularities on intensity data from laser scanning: an experimental approach , 2008 .

[17]  Juha Hyyppä,et al.  Correcting Airborne Laser Scanning Intensity Data for Automatic Gain Control Effect , 2010, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[18]  Kai Tan,et al.  Correction of Incidence Angle and Distance Effects on TLS Intensity Data Based on Reference Targets , 2016, Remote. Sens..

[19]  L. K. Herrera,et al.  Modern Methods for Materials Characterization and Surface Analysis to Study the Effects of Biodeterioration and Weathering on Buildings of Cultural Heritage , 2008 .

[20]  N. Pfeifer,et al.  Correction of laser scanning intensity data: Data and model-driven approaches , 2007 .

[21]  Czesław Suchocki,et al.  Terrestrial Laser Scanner as a Tool for Assessment of Saturation and Moisture Movement in Building Materials , 2018 .

[22]  C. Suchocki.  Comparison of Time-of-Flight and Phase-Shift TLS Intensity Data for the Diagnostics Measurements of Buildings , 2020, Materials.

[23]  Grzegorz Lenda,et al.  Laser Scanning in Engineering Surveying: Methods of Measurement and Modeling of Structures , 2016 .

[24]  Heesun Yoon,et al.  A phase-shift laser scanner based on a time-counting method for high linearity performance. , 2011, The Review of scientific instruments.

[25]  Radosław Rutkowski,et al.  Use of TLS (LiDAR) for Building Diagnostics with the Example of a Historic Building in Karlino , 2020, Buildings.

[26]  David Hernández-López,et al.  Geometric Characterization of Vines from 3D Point Clouds Obtained with Laser Scanner Systems , 2019, Remote. Sens..

[27]  Wioleta Błaszczak-Bąk,et al.  Down-Sampling of Point Clouds for the Technical Diagnostics of Buildings and Structures , 2019, Geosciences.

[28]  Czesław Suchocki,et al.  Remote Sensing to Estimate Saturation Differences of Chosen Building Materials Using Terrestrial Laser Scanner , 2017 .

[29]  Marek Przyborski,et al.  Stability Assessment of Coastal Cliffs Incorporating Laser Scanning Technology and a Numerical Analysis , 2019, Remote. Sens..

[30]  Boris Kargoll,et al.  Deformation Analysis Using B-Spline Surface with Correlated Terrestrial Laser Scanner Observations - A Bridge Under Load , 2020, Remote. Sens..

[31]  Katarzyna Łuszczyńska,et al.  Thermal modernization and biodeterioration of prefabricated elements of buildings: a case study , 2011 .

[32]  Kai Tan,et al.  Correction of Mobile TLS Intensity Data for Water Leakage Spots Detection in Metro Tunnels , 2016, IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters.

[33]  Rafał Nowak,et al.  Testing of Chosen Masonry Arched Lintels , 2020, International Journal of Architectural Heritage.

[34]  Weiguo Zhang,et al.  Investigation of TLS Intensity Data and Distance Measurement Errors from Target Specular Reflections , 2018, Remote. Sens..