A MATRIX FORMULATION OF SPECTACLE MAGNIFICATION

Abstract The paraxial 4 × 4 astigmatic system matrix is used to derive a 2 × 2 blurred‐image magnification matrix, as well as a 2 × 2 spectacle magnification matrix. The 2 × 2 spectacle magnification matrix describes the meridional magnifications for any spherocyclidrical spectacle correction including a bitoric eikonic lens. The 2 × 2 spectacle magnification matrix can be approximated by the product of 2 × 2 power and shape factor matrices that have algebraic forms exactly analogous to the power and shape factor equations for spherical correcting lens.

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