A Survey of Statistical-Dynamical Models of the Terrestrial Climate

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses statistical dynamic models and explains how these models stem from the most general statements of the hydro thermodynamic laws and fit into a hierarchy of increasing complexity and simulation capability. The chapter discusses the physical foundation and reviews the development of an important group of models known as statistical-dynamical models. It also presents a review of the fundamental equations (namely, continuity equations, the equations of motion, the thermodynamical energy equation, and constitutive equations) that are the basis of both the explicit- and statistical-dynamical climate models. Climatic averaging is also discussed. The chapter then discusses the vertically integrated, thermodynamic models and describes its foundations and applications. It illustrates equations for the axially symmetric and asymmetric mean states, symmetric (zonal) models, asymmetric (nonzonal) models, and the complete time average state. Finally, the chapter explains modeling the evolution of climate, its general concepts and studies of forced climatic change, studies of free climatic change, and climatic prediction.

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