Performance evaluation of routing protocols in energy harvesting D2D network

Device-to-Device (D2D) communication is a promising technology for various applications in upcoming 5G networks. This new communication paradigm has a lot to offer in terms of increased spectral efficiency, throughput and reduced communication delay. However, challenges like interference, overhead and energy efficiency still exist In fact, energy-efficiency is considered as one of the key enablers for 5G networks, e.g. Internet of Things (IoT). The integration of energy harvesting in a D2D network not only provides energy efficiency, but allows protocols to choose between high and low data rate applications. In this paper, we have investigated the performance of wireless routing protocols in a D2D network with energy harvesting capability. To this end, we realized a realistic energy harvesting framework in NS-3. The framework consists of a solar energy harvester which rejuvenate the energy source with the real world data set Subsequently, this framework is integrated with routing layer of NS-3 simulator. Our extensive simulations elaborate the importance of an energy harvester in a typical wireless network e.g. D2D network. Experimental results show two key findings. First, proactive routing protocol, in the presence of surplus energy, outperform reactive protocols for both high and low data rate applications in terms of residual energy, consumed energy and goodput Second, the network lifetime can be enhanced through harvesting framework.

[1]  Wei An,et al.  Energy harvesting aware topology control with power adaptation in wireless sensor networks , 2015, Ad Hoc Networks.

[2]  Arun Venkataramani,et al.  Energy consumption in mobile phones: a measurement study and implications for network applications , 2009, IMC '09.

[3]  Jan M. Rabaey,et al.  Power Sources for Wireless Sensor Networks , 2004, EWSN.

[4]  Xiang Cheng,et al.  Interference-aware graph based resource sharing for device-to-device communications underlaying cellular networks , 2013, 2013 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC).

[5]  Wendi B. Heinzelman,et al.  Energy harvesting framework for network simulator 3 (ns-3) , 2014, ENSsys@SenSys.

[6]  A. Laouiti,et al.  Optimized link state routing protocol for ad hoc networks , 2001, Proceedings. IEEE International Multi Topic Conference, 2001. IEEE INMIC 2001. Technology for the 21st Century..

[7]  Radha Poovendran,et al.  An energy framework for the network simulator 3 (NS-3) , 2011, SimuTools.

[8]  Muttukrishnan Rajarajan,et al.  A1: An energy efficient topology control algorithm for connected area coverage in wireless sensor networks , 2012, J. Netw. Comput. Appl..

[9]  Vincenzo Mancuso,et al.  DRONEE: Dual-radio opportunistic networking for energy efficiency , 2014, Comput. Commun..

[10]  Heonshik Shin,et al.  Energy-Aware Hierarchical Topology Control for Wireless Sensor Networks with Energy-Harvesting Nodes , 2015, Int. J. Distributed Sens. Networks.

[11]  Fatos Xhafa,et al.  Performance Analysis of OLSR Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks and Comparison Evaluation with AODV Protocol , 2009, 2009 International Conference on Network-Based Information Systems.

[12]  Hassaan Khaliq Qureshi,et al.  Energy management in Wireless Sensor Networks: A survey , 2015, Comput. Electr. Eng..

[13]  Hassaan Khaliq Qureshi,et al.  Topology Control for Harvesting Enabled Wireless Sensor Networks: A Design Approach , 2015, Wirel. Pers. Commun..

[14]  Vincenzo Mancuso,et al.  Energy efficient opportunistic uplink packet forwarding in hybrid wireless networks , 2013, e-Energy '13.