Structural Invariance in the Developmental Analysis of Learning

Generality is a prized commodity in any science. The laws that we prefer are those with the widest possible scope of application, the ones that hold across as many situational perturbations as possible. As S. S. Stevens (1951) once remarked, Newton’s rule that force is the first derivative of time with respect to momentum “would not be worth very much if it worked only in Europe or only at sea level or only for circular motions or only for objects larger than elephants” (p. 20). In fact, one widely accepted definition of the task of a science is to describe the phenomena that it studies in terminology that remains unchanged whenever the frame of reference is altered. A law (or principle or relationship) that holds within a given domain of study, regardless of the frame of reference, is usually called an invariant.

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