Electrochemically synthesized graphene/polypyrrole composites and their use in supercapacitor

Abstract Composite films consisting of polypyrrole (PPy) and graphene oxide (GO) were electrochemically synthesized by electrooxidation of 0.1 M pyrrole in aqueous solution containing appropriate amounts of GO. Simultaneous chronoamperometric growth profiles and frequency changes on a quartz crystal microbalance showed that the anionic GO was incorporated in the growing GO/PPy composite to maintain its electrical neutrality. Subsequently, the GO was reduced electrochemically to form a reduced GO/PPy (RGO/PPy) composite by cyclic voltammetry. Specific capacitances estimated from galvanostatic discharge curves in 1 M H2SO4 at a current density of 1 A g−1 indicated that values for the RGO/PPy composite were larger than those of a pristine PPy film and the GO/PPy composite. In the case of 6 mg mL−1 GO for the preparation of GO/PPy, a high specific capacitance of 424 F g−1 obtained at the electrochemically prepared RGO/PPy composite indicated its potential for use as an electrode material for supercapacitors.

[1]  Kai Zhang,et al.  Graphene/Polyaniline Nanofiber Composites as Supercapacitor Electrodes , 2010 .

[2]  Gengchao Wang,et al.  A novel layered manganese oxide/poly(aniline-co-o-anisidine) nanocomposite and its application for electrochemical supercapacitor , 2010 .

[3]  D. Aurbach,et al.  Failure and Stabilization Mechanisms in Multiply Cycled Conducting Polymers for Energy Storage Devices , 2010 .

[4]  Lili Zhang,et al.  Graphene-based materials as supercapacitor electrodes , 2010 .

[5]  Huang-Hao Yang,et al.  A graphene platform for sensing biomolecules. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[6]  A. J. Frank,et al.  Ni-NiO core-shell inverse opal electrodes for supercapacitors. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[7]  Norio Shinya,et al.  Graphene and nanostructured MnO2 composite electrodes for supercapacitors , 2011 .

[8]  B. Conway.  Electrochemical Supercapacitors: Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications , 1999 .

[9]  G. Sauerbrey.  Verwendung von Schwingquarzen zur Wägung dünner Schichten und zur Mikrowägung , 1959 .

[10]  François Béguin,et al.  Determination of the specific capacitance of conducting polymer/nanotubes composite electrodes using different cell configurations , 2005 .

[11]  Li Li Zhang,et al.  Layered graphene oxide nanostructures with sandwiched conducting polymers as supercapacitor electrodes. , 2010, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[12]  H. Chan,et al.  Surfactant-intercalated, chemically reduced graphene oxide for high performance supercapacitor electrodes , 2011 .

[13]  G. Chen,et al.  Electrochemical Capacitance of a Nanoporous Composite of Carbon Nanotubes and Polypyrrole , 2002 .

[14]  J. Jang,et al.  Fabrication and characterization of polyaniline coated carbon nanofiber for supercapacitor , 2005 .

[15]  Y. Gogotsi,et al.  Materials for electrochemical capacitors. , 2008, Nature materials.

[16]  Y. Gogotsi,et al.  True Performance Metrics in Electrochemical Energy Storage , 2011, Science.

[17]  S. Bose,et al.  Electrochemical performance of a graphene–polypyrrole nanocomposite as a supercapacitor electrode , 2011, Nanotechnology.

[18]  F. Wei,et al.  Fast and reversible surface redox reaction of graphene–MnO2 composites as supercapacitor electrodes , 2010 .

[19]  R. Kaner,et al.  Honeycomb carbon: a review of graphene. , 2010, Chemical reviews.

[20]  John R. Miller,et al.  Electrochemical Capacitors for Energy Management , 2008, Science.

[21]  Freddy Yin Chiang Boey,et al.  Direct Electrochemical Reduction of Single-Layer Graphene Oxide and Subsequent Functionalization with Glucose Oxidase , 2009 .

[22]  Xiong Zhang,et al.  High performance supercapacitors based on reduced graphene oxide in aqueous and ionic liquid electrolytes , 2011 .

[23]  Lawrence T. Drzal,et al.  Multilayered Nanoarchitecture of Graphene Nanosheets and Polypyrrole Nanowires for High Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes , 2010 .

[24]  Jishan Wu,et al.  Pyrolyzed graphene oxide/resorcinol-formaldehyde resin composites as high-performance supercapacitor electrodes , 2011 .

[25]  Huimin Chen,et al.  Improvement of the electrochemical properties via poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) oriented micro/nanorods , 2010 .

[26]  G. Sauerbrey,et al.  Use of quartz vibration for weighing thin films on a microbalance , 1959 .

[27]  P. Ajayan,et al.  Ultrathin planar graphene supercapacitors. , 2011, Nano letters.

[28]  G. Wallace,et al.  Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. , 2008, Nature nanotechnology.

[29]  R. Torresi,et al.  The role of ion exchange in the redox processes of polypyrrole/dodecyl sulfate films as studied by electrogravimetry using a quartz crystal microbalance , 1992 .

[30]  L. Gao,et al.  Enhanced dye-sensitized solar cell using graphene-TiO2 photoanode prepared by heterogeneous coagulation , 2010 .

[31]  Masahiro Fujiwara,et al.  Thin-film particles of graphite oxide 1:: High-yield synthesis and flexibility of the particles , 2004 .

[32]  Dermot Diamond,et al.  Synthesis of electrochemically-reduced graphene oxide film with controllable size and thickness and its use in supercapacitor , 2011 .

[33]  H. Hatori,et al.  Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of N-enriched carbon foam , 2007 .