Energy cost and stride duration variability at preferred transition gait speed between walking and running.

The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between energy cost of locomotion and stride duration variability in the region of the walk-run transition speed. Ten subjects participated in this experiment during four treadmill sessions. The first session was used to habituate subjects to treadmill walking or running. During the second session the treadmill speed was increased from 6 km.h-1 to 10 km.h-1 in steps of 0.2 km.h-1 to determine the freely chosen transition speed between walking and running (ST). The last two sessions consisted of five walks or five runs conducted at five intensities selected to represent respectively ST-1 km.h-1; ST-0.5 km.h-1; ST; ST + 0.5 km.h-1; and ST + 1 km.h-1. Exhaled gases were collected during the last two sessions, and stride duration was continuously recorded. The results indicated a significant increase in stride duration variability before ST for the freely chosen gait condition only. These findings point to an alternative hypothesis to that classically proposed to describe a transition as an energy saving mechanism.

[1]  B. J. Winer.  Statistical Principles in Experimental Design , 1992 .

[2]  F. Nagle,et al.  Transient O2 uptake response at the onset of exercise. , 1978, Journal of applied physiology: respiratory, environmental and exercise physiology.

[3]  久保 亮五,et al.  H. Haken: Synergetics; An Introduction Non-equilibrium Phase Transitions and Self-Organization in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Springer-Verlag, Berlin and Heidelberg, 1977, viii+325ページ, 251×17.5cm, 11,520円. , 1978 .

[4]  S. Grillner,et al.  The adaptation to speed in human locomotion , 1979, Brain Research.

[5]  R W Norman,et al.  Mechanical energy analyses of the human during local carriage on a treadmill. , 1981, Ergonomics.

[6]  Changing of the guard , 1982 .

[7]  P. Holmes,et al.  Nonlinear Oscillations, Dynamical Systems, and Bifurcations of Vector Fields , 1983, Applied Mathematical Sciences.

[8]  L E Lanyon,et al.  Dynamic strain similarity in vertebrates; an alternative to allometric limb bone scaling. , 1984, Journal of theoretical biology.

[9]  D. Schieb.  Kinematic Accommodation of Novice Treadmill Runners. , 1986 .

[10]  P. E. di Prampero,et al.  The energy cost of human locomotion on land and in water. , 1986 .

[11]  J. Kelso,et al.  Dynamics governs switching among patterns of coordination in biological movement , 1988 .

[12]  J A Kelso,et al.  Dynamic pattern generation in behavioral and neural systems. , 1988, Science.

[13]  N. Heglund,et al.  Speed, stride frequency and energy cost per stride: how do they change with body size and gait? , 1988, The Journal of experimental biology.

[14]  John J. Jeka,et al.  The Dynamic Pattern Approach to Coordinated Behavior: A Tutorial Review , 1989 .

[15]  T. McMahon,et al.  The mechanics of running: how does stiffness couple with speed? , 1990, Journal of biomechanics.

[16]  G Schöner,et al.  A synergetic theory of quadrupedal gaits and gait transitions. , 1990, Journal of theoretical biology.

[17]  M Kaneko,et al.  Mechanics and energetics in running with special reference to efficiency. , 1990, Journal of biomechanics.

[18]  C T Farley,et al.  A mechanical trigger for the trot-gallop transition in horses. , 1991, Science.

[19]  J. Hamill,et al.  Predicting the minimal energy costs of human walking. , 1991, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[20]  Hitoshi Maruyama,et al.  Temporal variability in the phase durations during treadmill walking , 1992 .

[21]  A Hreljac,et al.  Preferred and energetically optimal gait transition speeds in human locomotion. , 1993, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[22]  P. Legros,et al.  Daily stability in energy cost of running, respiratory parameters and stride rate among well-trained middle distance runners. , 1994, International journal of sports medicine.

[23]  A. Minetti,et al.  The transition between walking and running in humans: metabolic and mechanical aspects at different gradients. , 1994, Acta physiologica Scandinavica.

[24]  Gentaro Taga,et al.  Emergence of bipedal locomotion through entrainment among the neuro-musculo-skeletal system and the , 1994 .

[25]  W. H. Warren,et al.  Why change gaits? Dynamics of the walk-run transition. , 1995, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[26]  A Hreljac,et al.  Determinants of the gait transition speed during human locomotion: kinematic factors. , 1995, Journal of biomechanics.

[27]  J Brisswalter,et al.  Use of Energy Cost and Variability in Stride Length to Assess an Optimal Running Adaptation , 1995, Perceptual and motor skills.