Thermoelectrically Driven Photocurrent Generation in Femtosecond Laser Patterned Graphene Junctions

Single and few-layer graphene photodetectors have attracted much attention in the past few years. Pristine graphene shows a very weak response to visible light; hence, fabrication of complex graphene-based detectors is a challenging task. In this work, we utilize the ultrafast laser functionalization of single-layer CVD graphene for highly desirable maskless fabrication of micro- and nanoscale devices. We investigate the optoelectronic response of pristine and functionalized devices under femtosecond and continuous wave lasers irradiation. We demonstrate that the photocurrent generation in p–p+ junctions formed in single-layer graphene is related to the photothermoelectric effect. The photoresponsivity of our laser patterned single-layer graphene junctions is shown to be as high as 100 mA/W with noise equivalent power less than 6 kW/cm2. These results open a path to a low-cost maskless technology for fabrication of graphene-based optoelectronic devices with tunable properties for spectroscopy, signal proc...

[1]  F. Xia,et al.  Photoconductivity of biased graphene , 2012, Nature Photonics.

[2]  Xinran Wang,et al.  Distinct photoresponse in graphene induced by laser irradiation , 2015 .

[3]  A. M. van der Zande,et al.  Photo-thermoelectric effect at a graphene interface junction. , 2009, Nano letters.

[4]  Xuechao Yu,et al.  Photocurrent generation in lateral graphene p-n junction created by electron-beam irradiation , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[5]  P. Avouris,et al.  Photodetectors based on graphene, other two-dimensional materials and hybrid systems. , 2014, Nature nanotechnology.

[6]  Hongkun Park,et al.  Gate-activated photoresponse in a graphene p-n junction. , 2010, Nano letters.

[7]  A. Balandin,et al.  Low-frequency 1/f noise in graphene devices. , 2013, Nature nanotechnology.

[8]  Chemical composition of two-photon oxidized graphene , 2017 .

[9]  Charles M Marcus,et al.  Hot carrier transport and photocurrent response in graphene. , 2011, Nano letters.

[10]  M. Bae,et al.  Focused-laser-enabled p-n junctions in graphene field-effect transistors. , 2013, ACS nano.

[11]  Yihong Wu,et al.  Hysteresis of electronic transport in graphene transistors. , 2010, ACS nano.

[12]  Jun He,et al.  Direct Observation of High Photoresponsivity in Pure Graphene Photodetectors , 2017, Nanoscale Research Letters.

[13]  Jianbo Yin,et al.  Building graphene p–n junctions for next-generation photodetection , 2015 .

[14]  A. Offenhäusser,et al.  High throughput transfer technique: Save your graphene , 2016 .

[15]  Jeffrey Bokor,et al.  Formation of bandgap and subbands in graphene nanomeshes with sub-10 nm ribbon width fabricated via nanoimprint lithography. , 2010, Nano letters.

[16]  Qi Jie Wang,et al.  Broadband high photoresponse from pure monolayer graphene photodetector , 2013, Nature Communications.

[17]  Cinzia Casiraghi,et al.  Probing the nature of defects in graphene by Raman spectroscopy. , 2012, Nano letters.

[18]  Ren-Jye Shiue,et al.  High-quality graphene p-n junctions via resist-free fabrication and solution-based noncovalent functionalization. , 2011, ACS nano.

[19]  Takashi Taniguchi,et al.  Hot Carrier–Assisted Intrinsic Photoresponse in Graphene , 2011, Science.

[20]  Selcuk Akturk,et al.  Nanoscale patterning of graphene through femtosecond laser ablation , 2014 .

[21]  D. M. Leeuw,et al.  Laser induced forward transfer of graphene , 2017 .

[22]  Xu Du,et al.  Bolometric response in graphene based superconducting tunnel junctions , 2011, 1110.5623.

[23]  W. Park,et al.  Reduction of hole doping of chemical vapor deposition grown graphene by photoresist selection and thermal treatment , 2016, Nanotechnology.

[24]  Kai Yan,et al.  Toward clean and crackless transfer of graphene. , 2011, ACS nano.

[25]  P. Avouris,et al.  Increased responsivity of suspended graphene photodetectors. , 2013, Nano letters.

[26]  Farhan Rana,et al.  Ultrafast optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy of the carrier relaxation and recombination dynamics in epitaxial graphene. , 2008, Nano letters.

[27]  I. I. Bobrinetskiy,et al.  Patterned graphene ablation and two-photon functionalization by picosecond laser pulses in ambient conditions , 2015 .

[28]  H. R. Krishnamurthy,et al.  Monitoring dopants by Raman scattering in an electrochemically top-gated graphene transistor. , 2007, Nature nanotechnology.

[29]  Andre K. Geim,et al.  Electric Field Effect in Atomically Thin Carbon Films , 2004, Science.

[30]  K. Sokolowski-Tinten,et al.  Femtosecond laser-induced ablation of graphite , 2000 .

[31]  S. Okada,et al.  Gate-Tunable Dirac Point of Molecular Doped Graphene. , 2016, ACS nano.

[32]  Byoung Hun Lee,et al.  Fast transient charging at the graphene/SiO2 interface causing hysteretic device characteristics , 2011 .

[33]  Zengbo Wang,et al.  Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser direct micro-cutting and profiling of graphene , 2012 .

[34]  Wei Chen,et al.  Laser patterning of epitaxial graphene for Schottky junction photodetectors. , 2011, ACS nano.

[35]  F. Koppens,et al.  Extraordinary linear dynamic range in laser-defined functionalized graphene photodetectors , 2017, Science Advances.

[36]  K. Mak,et al.  Measurement of the thermal conductance of the graphene/SiO2 interface , 2010 .

[37]  Andreas Offenhäusser,et al.  Graphene transistors for interfacing with cells: towards a deeper understanding of liquid gating and sensitivity , 2017, Scientific Reports.

[38]  C. Casiraghi,et al.  Tunable D peak in gated graphene , 2014, Nano Research.

[39]  Sang‐Jae Kim,et al.  Gate-tunable photoresponse of defective graphene: from ultraviolet to visible. , 2015, ACS applied materials & interfaces.