Black Phosphorus as a High-Capacity, High-Capability Negative Electrode for Sodium-Ion Batteries: Investigation of the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface

For a nonaqueous sodium-ion battery (NIB), phosphorus materials have been studied as the highest-capacity negative electrodes. However, the large volume change of phosphorus upon cycling at low voltage causes the formation of new active surfaces and potentially results in electrolyte decomposition at the active surface, which remains one of the major limiting factors for the long cycling life of batteries. In this present study, powerful surface characterization techniques are combined for investigation on the electrode/electrolyte interface of the black phosphorus electrodes with polyacrylate binder to understand the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in alkyl carbonate ester and its evolution during cycling. The hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) analysis suggests that SEI (passive film) consists of mainly inorganic species, which originate from decomposition of electrolyte solvents and additives. The thicker surface layer is formed during cycling in the additive-free electrol...

[1]  Jia Ding,et al.  High-density sodium and lithium ion battery anodes from banana peels. , 2014, ACS nano.

[2]  Liquan Chen,et al.  Room-temperature stationary sodium-ion batteries for large-scale electric energy storage , 2013 .

[3]  Huakun Liu,et al.  Cobalt phosphide as a new anode material for sodium storage , 2015 .

[4]  Doron Aurbach,et al.  Fluoroethylene carbonate as an important component in electrolyte solutions for high-voltage lithium batteries: role of surface chemistry on the cathode. , 2014, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[5]  R. Keyes.  The Electrical Properties of Black Phosphorus , 1953 .

[6]  Doron Aurbach,et al.  A short review of failure mechanisms of lithium metal and lithiated graphite anodes in liquid electrolyte solutions , 2002 .

[7]  Gerbrand Ceder,et al.  Challenges for Na-ion Negative Electrodes , 2011 .

[8]  Haiming Xie,et al.  Electrochemical Activity of Black Phosphorus as an Anode Material for Lithium-Ion Batteries , 2012 .

[9]  Shinichi Komaba,et al.  P2-type Na(x)[Fe(1/2)Mn(1/2)]O2 made from earth-abundant elements for rechargeable Na batteries. , 2012, Nature materials.

[10]  Yong-Sheng Hu,et al.  Effect of Morphology and Current Density on the Electrochemical Behavior of Graphite Electrodes in PC-Based Electrolyte Containing VEC Additive , 2004 .

[11]  Doron Aurbach,et al.  Amorphous Columnar Silicon Anodes for Advanced High Voltage Lithium Ion Full Cells: Dominant Factors Governing Cycling Performance , 2013 .

[12]  J. Goodenough.  Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries , 2010 .

[13]  B. Dunn,et al.  Electrical Energy Storage for the Grid: A Battery of Choices , 2011, Science.

[14]  Daniel Sharon,et al.  Review—Development of Advanced Rechargeable Batteries: A Continuous Challenge in the Choice of Suitable Electrolyte Solutions , 2015 .

[15]  Xinping Ai,et al.  High Capacity and Rate Capability of Amorphous Phosphorus for Sodium Ion BatterieslSUPg†l/SUPg , 2013 .

[16]  Fredrik Lindgren,et al.  Improved Performance of the Silicon Anode for Li-Ion Batteries: Understanding the Surface Modification Mechanism of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Effective Electrolyte Additive , 2015 .

[17]  Shinichi Komaba,et al.  Negative electrodes for Na-ion batteries. , 2014, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[18]  A. Goñi,et al.  High capacity hard carbon anodes for sodium ion batteries in additive free electrolyte , 2013 .

[19]  H. Oji,et al.  Phosphorus Electrodes in Sodium Cells: Small Volume Expansion by Sodiation and the Surface‐Stabilization Mechanism in Aprotic Solvent , 2014 .

[20]  O. Malyi,et al.  Phosphorene as an anode material for Na-ion batteries: a first-principles study. , 2015, Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP.

[21]  Blöchl,et al.  Projector augmented-wave method. , 1994, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[22]  Xinping Ai,et al.  High capacity Na-storage and superior cyclability of nanocomposite Sb/C anode for Na-ion batteries. , 2012, Chemical communications.

[23]  S. Dou,et al.  A new, cheap, and productive FeP anode material for sodium-ion batteries. , 2015, Chemical communications.

[24]  D. Stevens,et al.  High Capacity Anode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries , 2000 .

[25]  Denis Billaud,et al.  Electrochemical insertion of sodium into hard carbons , 2002 .

[26]  Stefan Grimme,et al.  Semiempirical GGA‐type density functional constructed with a long‐range dispersion correction , 2006, J. Comput. Chem..

[27]  Wataru Murata,et al.  Fluorinated ethylene carbonate as electrolyte additive for rechargeable Na batteries. , 2011, ACS applied materials & interfaces.

[28]  Christopher S. Johnson,et al.  Spherical Carbon as a New High-Rate Anode for Sodium-ion Batteries , 2014 .

[29]  Kresse,et al.  Efficient iterative schemes for ab initio total-energy calculations using a plane-wave basis set. , 1996, Physical review. B, Condensed matter.

[30]  Shinichi Komaba,et al.  Research development on sodium-ion batteries. , 2014, Chemical reviews.

[31]  Xiaosong Liu,et al.  The local atomic structure and chemical bonding in sodium tin phases , 2014 .

[32]  Jing-ying Xie,et al.  Effect of vinylene carbonate (VC) as electrolyte additive on electrochemical performance of Si film anode for lithium ion batteries , 2007 .

[33]  Ying Shirley Meng,et al.  The Effect of Fluoroethylene Carbonate as an Additive on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Silicon Lithium-Ion Electrodes , 2015 .

[34]  Erik J. Berg,et al.  Understanding the Interaction of the Carbonates and Binder in Na-Ion Batteries: A Combined Bulk and Surface Study , 2015 .

[35]  Teófilo Rojo,et al.  Update on Na-based battery materials. A growing research path , 2013 .

[36]  P. Biensan,et al.  The Effect of Vinylene Carbonate Additive on Surface Film Formation on Both Electrodes in Li-Ion Batteries , 2009 .

[37]  Fujio Izumi,et al.  VESTA: a three-dimensional visualization system for electronic and structural analysis , 2008 .

[38]  Kazuma Gotoh,et al.  Electrochemical Na Insertion and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Hard‐Carbon Electrodes and Application to Na‐Ion Batteries , 2011 .

[39]  Gregory A. Roberts,et al.  Effect of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) on the performance and surface chemistry of Si-nanowire Li-ion battery anodes. , 2012, Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids.

[40]  L. Nazar,et al.  Sodium and sodium-ion energy storage batteries , 2012 .

[41]  Philipp Adelhelm,et al.  Use of graphite as a highly reversible electrode with superior cycle life for sodium-ion batteries by making use of co-intercalation phenomena. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[42]  D. Aurbach,et al.  On the use of vinylene carbonate (VC) as an additive to electrolyte solutions for Li-ion batteries , 2002 .

[43]  D. Billaud,et al.  Sodium electrochemical insertion mechanisms in various carbon fibres , 2001 .

[44]  D. Choi,et al.  Chemically bonded phosphorus/graphene hybrid as a high performance anode for sodium-ion batteries. , 2014, Nano letters.

[45]  Seung M. Oh,et al.  An Amorphous Red Phosphorus/Carbon Composite as a Promising Anode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries , 2013, Advanced materials.

[46]  Fredrik J. Lindgren,et al.  Investigation of the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface of Fe2O3 Composite Electrodes: Li vs Na Batteries , 2014 .

[47]  D. Aurbach,et al.  A new phenomenon in sodium batteries: Voltage step due to solvent interaction , 2014 .

[48]  S. Komaba,et al.  High-capacity Si–graphite composite electrodes with a self-formed porous structure by a partially neutralized polyacrylate for Li-ion batteries , 2012 .

[49]  Wataru Murata,et al.  Redox reaction of Sn-polyacrylate electrodes in aprotic Na cell , 2012 .

[50]  Tao Gao,et al.  Red phosphorus-single-walled carbon nanotube composite as a superior anode for sodium ion batteries. , 2015, ACS nano.

[51]  Massimo Simonetta,et al.  Bond Orbitals and Bond Energy in Elementary Phosphorus , 1952 .

[52]  H. Sohn,et al.  Black Phosphorus and its Composite for Lithium Rechargeable Batteries , 2007 .

[53]  J. Tirado,et al.  Negative Electrodes for Lithium- and Sodium-Ion Batteries Obtained by Heat-Treatment of Petroleum Cokes below 1000°C , 2002 .

[54]  Chunsheng Wang,et al.  Electrochemical Performance of Porous Carbon/Tin Composite Anodes for Sodium‐Ion and Lithium‐Ion Batteries , 2013 .

[55]  Brett L. Lucht,et al.  Comparative Study of Fluoroethylene Carbonate and Vinylene Carbonate for Silicon Anodes in Lithium Ion Batteries , 2014 .

[56]  Laure Monconduit,et al.  NiP3: a promising negative electrode for Li- and Na-ion batteries , 2014 .

[57]  J. Liang,et al.  Phosphorus Nanoparticles Encapsulated in Graphene Scrolls as a High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries , 2015 .

[58]  Jing Li,et al.  Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose A Potential Binder for Si Negative Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries , 2007 .