(η3-Allyl)palladium(II) and Palladium(II) Nitrile Catalysts for the Addition Polymerization of Norbornene Derivatives with Functional Groups

Cycloaliphatic polyolefins with functional groups were obtained by Pd(II)-catalyzed homo- and copolymerizations of norbornene derivatives. Bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, the corresponding methyl ester, 2-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene, and the corresponding octanoate and decanoate were used as the monomers in these addition polymerizations. Pd(II)−nitrile catalysts [Pd(RCN)4][BF4]2 (with R = CH3 and C2H5) quite selectively polymerized the exo isomers of the esters of 2-(hydroxymethyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene. Monomer mixtures containing an 80/20 ratio of endo/exo isomers were converted into polymers containing more than 50% of exo units. 1H NMR studies showed that the predominant fraction of the endo isomer remained unreacted. The nitrile based Pd catalysts were not sufficiently active to polymerize the monomers with electron-withdrawing substituents linked to the bicyclic unit at ambient temperature. In-situ prepared (η3-allyl)palladium complexes with associated tetrafluoroborate an...