The Culture of Morality: Social Development, Context, and Conflict

1. Introduction 2. Striving for community 3. Discontents revisited 4. Social judgments and social contexts 5. The development of moral and social judgments 6. Social thought and social action 7. Social harmony and social conflict 8. Justice, heterogeneity, and cultural practices 9. Social hierarchy, subordination, and human capabilities 10. Perspectives on cultural practices: more than one 11. Subversion in everyday life 12. Conclusion.

[1]  S. Okin.  Gender Inequality and Cultural Differences , 1994 .

[2]  Michael Hague,et al.  The Children's Book of Virtues , 1995 .

[3]  B. Laursen,et al.  Conflict and relationships during adolescence. , 1992 .

[4]  R. E. Grinder.  RELATIONS BETWEEN BEHAVIORAL AND COGNITIVE DIMENSIONS OF CONSCIENCE IN MIDDLE CHILDHOOD. , 1964, Child development.

[5]  Justice, Gender, and the Family , 1991 .

[6]  Hannah Arendt,et al.  Eichmann in Jerusalem. A Report on the Banality of Evil , 1964 .

[7]  A. Bloom,et al.  The closing of the American mind: how higher education has failed democracy and impoverished the souls of today's students , 1988 .

[8]  S. Simon.  Values Clarification: A Handbook of Practical Strategies for Teachers and Students , 1984 .

[9]  William Damon,et al.  The moral child : nurturing children's natural moral growth , 1988 .

[10]  C. Camino,et al.  Social class effects on northeastern Brazilian children's conceptions of areas of personal choice and social regulation. , 1996, Child development.

[11]  Elliot Turiel,et al.  Children's Conceptions of Adult and Peer Authority. , 1986 .

[12]  C. Wainryb,et al.  Tolerance and intolerance: children's and adolescents' judgments of dissenting beliefs, speech, persons, and conduct. , 1998, Child development.

[13]  E. J. Bourne,et al.  Does the Concept of the Person Vary Cross-Culturally? , 1982 .

[14]  J. Habermas.  Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action , 1990 .

[15]  D. Vandell,et al.  Conflicts between siblings. , 1992 .

[16]  Jeffrey Harris,et al.  Why children turn out the way they do , 1998 .

[17]  U. Wikan.  Tomorrow, God Willing: Self-made Destinies in Cairo , 1996 .

[18]  E. Fromm.  Escape to Freedom , 1941 .

[19]  D. Riesman,et al.  The Lonely Crowd , 2017 .

[20]  C. Mills,et al.  White Collar: The American Middle Classes. , 1954 .

[21]  E L Simpson,et al.  Moral development research. A case study of scientific cultural bias. , 1974, Human development.

[22]  L. Kohlberg.  EDUCATION FOR JUSTICE: A MODERN STATEMENT OF THE PLATONIC VIEW , 1970 .

[23]  J. Smetana.  Concepts of Self and Morality: Women's Reasoning About Abortion , 1982 .

[24]  Elliot Turiel,et al.  Dominance, subordination, and concepts of personal entitlements in cultural contexts , 1994 .

[25]  D. Crystal.  Concepts of deviance and disturbance in children and adolescents: A comparison between the United States and Japan , 2000 .

[26]  R. C. Tripathi.  Interplay of Values in the Functioning of Indian Organizations , 1990 .

[27]  E. Turiel,et al.  Social Reasoning in IJO Children and Adolescents in Nigerian Communities , 1986 .

[28]  L. Kohlberg.  Stage and sequence: The cognitive-developmental approach to socialization , 1969 .

[29]  Larry Nucci,et al.  Education in the Moral Domain: References , 2001 .

[30]  Michael Lewis,et al.  Deception in 3-Year-Olds , 1989 .

[31]  Justin Manuel Aronfreed,et al.  Conduct and Conscience: The Socialization of Internalized Control Over Behavior , 1968 .

[32]  R. Putnam.  Bowling Alone: America's Declining Social Capital , 1995, The City Reader.

[33]  Melanie Killen,et al.  Between Culture and Biology: Between individuals and culture: individuals' evaluations of exclusion from social groups , 2002 .

[34]  N. Miller,et al.  Social Learning and Imitation , 1942 .

[35]  D. M. Wolfe,et al.  Husbands and Wives, the Dynamics of Married Living , 1961 .

[36]  S. Holloway.  Contested Childhood: Diversity and Change in Japanese Preschools , 2000 .

[37]  A. Blasi,et al.  Bridging Moral Cognition and Moral Action: A Critical Review of the Literature. , 1980 .

[38]  Herbert C. Kelman,et al.  Crimes of obedience: Toward a social psychology of authority and responsibility. , 1990 .

[39]  Susan Hoffman,et al.  The role of attribution processes in conformity and dissent: Revisiting the Asch situation. , 1976 .

[40]  D. Hollan,et al.  Cross-Cultural Differences in the Self , 1992, Journal of Anthropological Research.

[41]  J. Clapp,et al.  Development as freedom , 1999 .

[42]  G. Gorer.  The American People: A Study in National Character , 1964 .

[43]  C. Grigg,et al.  Fundamental Principles of Democracy: Bases of Agreement and Disagreement , 1960, The Journal of Politics.

[44]  Herbert McClosky,et al.  Dimensions of Tolerance: What Americans Believe about Civil Liberties. , 1984 .

[45]  Tamara Plakins Thornton,et al.  Handwriting in America: A Cultural History , 1996 .

[46]  D. Baumrind,et al.  The Discipline Controversy Revisited , 1996 .

[47]  M. Laupa.  Children's Reasoning about Three Authority Attributes: Adult Status, Knowledge, and Social Position. , 1991 .

[48]  William Damon,et al.  The social world of the child , 1977 .

[49]  Gertrude Himmelfarb,et al.  The De-moralization Of Society: From Victorian Virtues to Modern Values , 1995 .

[50]  K. Duncker.  III.—ETHICAL RELATIVITY? (AN ENQUIRY INTO THE PSYCHOLOGY OF ETHICS.) , 1939 .

[51]  R. L. Smith,et al.  Changes in physicians' attitudes toward telling the cancer patient. , 1979, JAMA.

[52]  C. Geertz.  "From the Native's Point of View": On the Nature of Anthropological Understanding , 1974 .

[53]  K. Rost,et al.  The deliberate misdiagnosis of major depression in primary care. , 1994, Archives of family medicine.

[54]  C. Stangor,et al.  Children's social reasoning about inclusion and exclusion in gender and race peer group contexts. , 2001, Child development.

[55]  Paul L. Harris,et al.  Children's understanding of emotion , 1989 .

[56]  Richard A. Shweder,et al.  Culture and moral development. , 1990 .

[57]  S. Asch.  Studies of independence and conformity: I. A minority of one against a unanimous majority. , 1956 .

[58]  Richard A. Shweder.  Are Moral Intuitions Self-Evident Truths? , 1994 .

[59]  D. Tannen.  You just don't understand: women and men in conversation. morrow , 1990 .

[60]  W. Bennett,et al.  The De-Valuing of America: The Fight for Our Culture and Our Children , 1992 .

[61]  C. Gilligan.  Reply by Carol Gilligan , 1986, Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society.

[62]  H. Ross.  Negotiating principles of entitlement in sibling property disputes , 1996 .

[63]  Elaine Sciolino.  Persian Mirrors: The Elusive Face of Iran , 2000 .

[64]  J. Rawls,et al.  Justice as Fairness: A Restatement , 2001 .

[65]  M. Killen,et al.  Adolescents' and young adults' reasoning about career choice and the role of parental influence. , 1999 .

[66]  Gaming the system. Dodging the rules, ruling the dodgers. , 1991 .

[67]  William M. Sullivan,et al.  Habits of the Heart: Individualism and Commitment in American Life , 1985 .

[68]  Melanie Killen,et al.  Morality: Its structure, functions, and vagaries. , 1987 .

[69]  J. Smetana.  Toddlers' Social Interactions regarding Moral and Conventional Transgressions , 1984 .

[70]  W. Mischel.  Toward a cognitive social learning reconceptualization of personality. , 1973, Psychological review.

[71]  Deception by young children following noncompliance. , 1999 .

[72]  J. Dunn.  The Beginnings of Social Understanding , 1988 .

[73]  Ruth Benedict,et al.  Patterns of Culture , 2019, Nature.

[74]  E. Wynne.  The Great Tradition in Education: Transmitting Moral Values. , 1986 .

[75]  A. Bandura.  Social cognitive theory of moral thought and action. , 1991 .

[76]  Myra Sadker,et al.  Failing at fairness : how America's schools cheat girls , 1995 .

[77]  Children's conceptions of sociomoral affect: Happy victimizers, mixed emotions, and other expectancies. , 1995 .

[78]  J. Tisak,et al.  Mothers' and Teachers' Home and School Rules: Young Children's Conceptions of Authority in Context , 2000 .

[79]  E. Ladd.  The Ladd Report , 1999 .

[80]  H. McClosky,et al.  Consensus and Ideology in American Politics , 1964, American Political Science Review.

[81]  Arjun Appadurai,et al.  Putting Hierarchy in Its Place , 1988, Rereading Cultural Anthropology.

[82]  R. Astor.  Children's Moral Reasoning about Family and Peer Violence: The Role of Provocation and Retribution , 1994 .

[83]  C. Daniel Batson,et al.  How social an animal? The human capacity for caring. , 1990 .

[84]  J. Smetana.  Toddlers' Social Interactions in the Context of Moral and Conventional Transgressions in the Home. , 1989 .

[85]  F. Mernissi,et al.  Dreams of Trespass: Tales of a Harem Girlhood , 1995 .

[86]  C. Wainryb,et al.  Understanding differences in moral judgments: the role of informational assumptions. , 1991, Child development.

[87]  L. Ross,et al.  The Person and the Situation: Perspectives of Social Psychology , 1991 .

[88]  Svenn Lindskold,et al.  Categories for Acceptability of Lies , 1983 .

[89]  J. Weisz,et al.  The development of close relationships in Japan and the United States: paths of symbiotic harmony and generative tension. , 2000, Child development.

[90]  Ronald Dworkin,et al.  Taking Rights Seriously , 1977 .

[91]  J. Harris.  Where is the child's environment? A group socialization theory of development. , 1995 .

[92]  M. Spiro,et al.  Is the Western Conception of the Self “Peculiar” within the Context of the World Cultures? , 1993 .

[93]  M. Killen,et al.  Middle class Colombian children’s evaluations of personal, moral, and social-conventional interactions in the classroom , 2001 .

[94]  H. Horowitz,et al.  Will Quiet Rebels Find Heterosexual Happiness in Non-Gothic Buildings?@@@Alma Mater: Design and Experience in the Women's Colleges from their Nineteenth-Century Beginnings to the 1930s.@@@Campus Life: Undergraduate Cultures from the End of the Eighteenth Century to the Present. , 1988 .

[95]  M. Tisak,et al.  Children's conceptions of parental authority. , 1986 .

[96]  P. Cowan,et al.  When Partners Become Parents: The Big Life Change for Couples , 1992 .

[97]  C. Peterson,et al.  Developmental changes in ideas about lying. , 1983, Child development.

[98]  Cecilia Wainryb,et al.  Reasoning about Social Conflicts in Different Cultures: Druze and Jewish Children in Israel. , 1995 .

[99]  P. Gjerde,et al.  Selves, Cultures, and Nations: The Psychological Imagination of ‘the Japanese’ in the Era of Globalization , 2000, Human Development.

[100]  J. M. Kim.  Korean children's concepts of adult and peer authority and moral reasoning. , 1998, Developmental psychology.

[101]  Joan G. Miller,et al.  Issues of Interpersonal Responsibility and Accountability: A Comparison of Indians' and Americans' Moral Judgments , 1989 .

[102]  R. Wright,et al.  The Moral Animal: The New Science of Evolutionary Psychology , 1994 .

[103]  J. Smetana,et al.  Korean children's conceptions of moral and conventional transgressions. , 1987 .

[104]  D. Keating,et al.  Children's and adolescents' understanding of rights: balancing nurturance and self-determination. , 1998, Child development.

[105]  Martha Craven Nussbaum,et al.  Sex and Social Justice , 2000 .

[106]  C. Gilligan.  Reply (to the critics) , 1986 .

[107]  A. D. Jones,et al.  Obedience to Authority , 1974 .

[108]  Larry Nucci,et al.  God's Word, Religious Rules, and Their Relation to Christian and Jewish Children's Concepts of Morality , 1993 .

[109]  J. Bruner.  The Culture of Education , 1996 .

[110]  M. Mead,et al.  Coming of Age in Samoa , 1929 .

[111]  E. Turiel,et al.  Children's Conceptions of Moral and Prudential Rules , 1984 .

[112]  Sing Lau,et al.  Collectivism's individualism: Value preference, personal control, and the desire for freedom among Chinese in Mainland China, Hong Kong, and Singapore. , 1992 .

[113]  E. Turiel,et al.  Act-rule relations: Children's concepts of social rules. , 1980 .

[114]  K. Ewing.  The Illusion of Wholeness: Culture, Self and the Experience of Inconsistency , 1990 .

[115]  Martha Craven Nussbaum,et al.  Human Capabilities, Female Human Beings , 1995 .

[116]  Veiled Sentiments : Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society , 1986 .

[117]  C. C. Helwig.  The Role of Agent and Social Context in Judgments of Freedom of Speech and Religion. , 1997, Child development.

[118]  J. Smetana,et al.  Mothers' concepts of young children's areas of personal freedom. , 1996, Child development.

[119]  W. Hartup.  Conflict and friendship relations. , 1992 .

[120]  M. G. Bloche.  Fidelity and deceit at the bedside. , 2000, JAMA.

[121]  J. Smetana.  Adolescents' and parents' reasoning about actual family conflict. , 1989, Child development.

[122]  Austin D. Sarat.  Reasoning in Politics: The Social, Political, and Psychological Bases of Principled Thought* , 1975 .

[123]  Amitai Etzioni,et al.  THE NEW GOLDEN RULE Community and Morality in a Democratic Society , 1997 .

[124]  C. Strauss.  Models and Motives , 1992 .

[125]  L. Kohlberg.  From is to ought: How to commit the naturalistic fallacy and get away with , 1971 .

[126]  W. Arsenio,et al.  Typical and behaviourally disruptive children's understanding of the emotional consequences of socio‐moral events , 1996 .

[127]  C. C. Helwig.  Children's Conceptions of Fair Government and Freedom of Speech , 1998 .

[128]  W. Bennett.  The teacher, the curriculum, and values education development , 1980 .

[129]  M. May,et al.  Studies in the nature of character, Vol. 3: Studies in the organization of character. , 1930 .

[130]  L. Kohlberg,et al.  The development of children's orientations toward a moral order. I. Sequence in the development of moral thought. , 1963, Vita humana. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Lebensaltersforschung. International journal of human development. Journal international de developpement humain.

[131]  E. Turiel,et al.  Judging social issues: difficulties, inconsistencies, and consistencies. , 1991, Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development.

[132]  Lila Abu-Lughod,et al.  Writing Women's Worlds: Bedouin Stories , 2008 .

[133]  C. C. Helwig,et al.  Adolescents' and young adults' conceptions of civil liberties: freedom of speech and religion. , 1995, Child development.

[134]  D. Krantz,et al.  Conflicts with Authority: Children's Feelings, Actions, and Justifications. , 1991 .

[135]  Alan Gewirth,et al.  Human Rights: Essays on Justification and Applications , 1982 .

[136]  H. Markus,et al.  Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. , 1991 .

[137]  W. James,et al.  The Principles of Psychology. , 1983 .

[138]  Melanie Killen,et al.  Social Interactions in Preschool Classrooms and the Development of Young Children's Conceptions of the Personal , 1999 .

[139]  M. Herskovits.  Man And His Works , 1948 .

[140]  Casamassimo Ps.  Dan Quayle was right. , 1994 .

[141]  J. Piaget.  The Moral Judgment of the Child , 1932 .

[142]  H. Hyman,et al.  Trends in Public Opinion on Civil Liberties , 1953 .

[143]  W. Bennett.  The Death of Outrage: Bill Clinton and the Assault on American Ideals , 1998 .

[144]  mile .QDurkheim mile Durkheim,et al.  The Elementary Forms of Religious Life , 1916 .

[145]  A. Hochschild,et al.  The Second Shift , 1989 .

[146]  Nancy Eisenberg,et al.  Gender and age differences in empathy and sympathy. , 1987 .

[147]  Larry Nucci,et al.  Social interactions and the development of social concepts in preschool children. , 1978 .

[148]  Robert D. Putnam,et al.  Bowling alone: the collapse and revival of American community , 2000, CSCW '00.

[149]  Peggy Orenstein,et al.  Schoolgirls: Young Women, Self Esteem, and the Confidence Gap , 1994 .

[150]  U. Wikan.  Toward an Experience‐Near Anthropology , 1991 .

[151]  H. Triandis.  The Psychological Measurement of Cultural Syndromes. , 1996 .

[152]  L. Kohlberg.  The Psychology Of Moral Development , 1984 .

[153]  J. Dunn,et al.  Siblings and the Development of Prosocial Behaviour , 1986 .

[154]  Joan G. Miller,et al.  When Do American Children and Adults Reason in Social Conventional Terms , 1988 .

[155]  R. Herrnstein,et al.  The bell curve : intelligence and class structure in American life , 1995 .

[156]  L. Forrow,et al.  Physicians' attitudes toward using deception to resolve difficult ethical problems. , 1989, JAMA.

[157]  M. Nussbaum,et al.  Book reviews , 2002 .

[158]  Elliot Turiel,et al.  Children's concepts of authority and social contexts , 1993 .

[159]  E. Turiel,et al.  Social reasoning and the varieties of social experiences in cultural contexts. , 1994, Advances in child development and behavior.

[160]  A. Blasi.  The development of identity: Some implications for moral functioning , 1993 .

[161]  K. Weinfurt,et al.  Concepts of human differences: a comparison of American, Japanese, and Chinese children and adolescents. , 1998, Developmental psychology.

[162]  E. Turiel,et al.  The Development of Social Knowledge: Morality and Convention , 1983 .

[163]  S. Fiske,et al.  An ambivalent alliance. Hostile and benevolent sexism as complementary justifications for gender inequality. , 2001, The American psychologist.

[164]  E. Turiel,et al.  Children'S Social Interactions and Social Concepts , 1983 .

[165]  S. Freud.  The Ego and the Id , 1923 .

[166]  E. Bumiller.  May You Be the Mother of a Hundred Sons: A Journey Among the Women of India , 1990 .

[167]  Adina Schwartz,et al.  Reason and Morality , 1979 .

[168]  P. Fass.  The Damned and the Beautiful : American Youth in the 1920's , 1977 .

[169]  J. Smetana,et al.  Adolescents' and parents' conceptions of parental authority and personal autonomy. , 1994, Child development.

[170]  Young children's evaluations of exclusion in gender-stereotypic peer contexts. , 2001 .

[171]  S. Freud.  Civilization and Its Discontents , 2018, Princeton Readings in Political Thought.

[172]  Peter H. Kahn,et al.  Children's conceptions of trust in the context of social expectations. , 1988 .

[173]  Alice Walker,et al.  Warrior Marks: Female Genital Mutilation and the Sexual Blinding of Women , 1993 .

[174]  J. G. Miller,et al.  Culture and Moral Judgment: How Are Conflicts between Justice and Interpersonal Responsibilities Resolved? , 2022 .

[175]  Penny Munn,et al.  Becoming A Family Member: Family Conflict and the Development of Social Understanding in the Second Year. , 1985 .

[176]  H. Triandis.  The Self and Social Behavior in Differing Cultural Contexts , 1989 .

[177]  S. Okin.  PART 1. Is Multiculturalism Bad forWomen , 1999 .

[178]  R. E. Grinder.  New techniques for research in children's temptation behavior. , 1961, Child development.

[179]  Amitai Etzioni,et al.  The spirit of community : the reinvention of American society , 1994 .

[180]  Jan Goodwin.  Price of Honor: Muslim Women Lift the Veil of Silence on the Islamic World , 1994 .

[181]  Penny Munn,et al.  Development of justification in disputes with mother and sibling. , 1987 .

[182]  B. Latané,et al.  Group inhibition of bystander intervention in emergencies. , 1968, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[183]  E. Turiel,et al.  Concepts of freedoms and rights in a traditional, hierarchically organized society , 1998 .

[184]  S. Milgram.  BEHAVIORAL STUDY OF OBEDIENCE. , 1963, Journal of abnormal psychology.

[185]  William J. Bennett,et al.  Moral Education in the Schools. , 1978 .

[186]  M. Ford,et al.  The Role of Affective Information in Social-Cognitive Development: Children's Differentiation of Moral and Conventional Events. , 1985 .

[187]  E. Turiel,et al.  Variation in Seriousness of Transgressions and Children's Moral and Conventional Concepts. , 1988 .

[188]  C. Shantz.  Conflicts between children. , 1987 .

[189]  K. Neff.  Judgments of personal autonomy and interpersonal responsibility in the context of Indian spousal relationships: An examination of young people's reasoning in Mysore, India , 2001 .

[190]  Larry Nucci,et al.  Conceptions of Personal Issues: A Domain Distinct from Moral or Societal Concepts. , 1981 .

[191]  Carol Gilligan,et al.  Two Moral Orientations: Gender Differences and Similarities. , 1988 .

[192]  S. Kitayama.  Collective construction of the self and social relationships: a rejoinder and some extensions. , 2000, Child development.

[193]  R. Putnam.  The strange disappearance of civic America , 1996 .

[194]  C. Wainryb,et al.  Young Children's Evaluations of Acts Based on Beliefs Different from Their Own. , 1998 .

[195]  K. Weinfurt,et al.  Lying for patients: physician deception of third-party payers. , 1999, Archives of internal medicine.

[196]  Larry Nucci,et al.  Children's social interactions in the context of moral and conventional transgressions. , 1982 .

[197]  H. Triandis.  Cross-cultural studies of individualism and collectivism. , 1989, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation.

[198]  K. Bussey.  Children's categorization and evaluation of different types of lies and truths , 1999 .

[199]  J. Dunn,et al.  The development of children's moral sensibility: individual differences and emotion understanding , 1995 .

[200]  Larry Nucci,et al.  Children's Responses to Moral and Social Conventional Transgressions in Free-Play Settings. , 1982 .

[201]  E. Sampson.  Psychology and the American ideal. , 1977 .

[202]  Anne Colby,et al.  Some Do Care: Contemporary Lives of Moral Commitment , 1992 .

[203]  C. Wainryb.  The Application of Moral Judgments to Other Cultures: Relativism and Universality , 1993 .

[204]  B. Skinner.  Beyond Freedom and Dignity , 1972 .

[205]  J. G. Miller,et al.  Perceptions of social responsibilities in India and in the United States: moral imperatives or personal decisions? , 1990, Journal of personality and social psychology.

[206]  Rusan Chen,et al.  Reactions to Morphological Deviance: A Comparison of Japanese and American Children and Adolescents , 2000 .

[207]  M. Laupa.  “Who's in charge?” Preschool children's concepts of authority☆ , 1994 .

[208]  Elvin Hatch.  Culture and Morality: The Relativity of Values in Anthropology , 1983 .

[209]  S. Stouffer,et al.  Communism, Conformity, and Civil Liberties. , 1956 .

[210]  G. Kochanska,et al.  Toward a synthesis of parental socialization and child temperament in early development of conscience. , 1993 .

[211]  T. Adorno.  The Authoritarian Personality , 1950 .

[212]  L. Nucci,et al.  Social interactions in the home and the development of young children's conceptions of the personal. , 1995, Child development.

[213]  Joan G. Miller,et al.  Culture, context, and the development of moral accountability judgments. , 1993 .

[214]  W. Arsenio.  Children's conceptions of the situational affective consequences of sociomoral events. , 1988, Child development.

[215]  R. Burton,et al.  Antecedents of resistance to temptation in four-year-old children. , 1961, Child development.

[216]  S. Okin.  Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women , 1999 .

[217]  C. Gilligan.  In a Different Voice. Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA (Harvard University Press) 1982. , 1982 .

[218]  I. Wilson,et al.  Physician manipulation of reimbursement rules for patients: between a rock and a hard place. , 2000, JAMA.

[219]  L. Tribe.  Abortion: The Clash of Absolutes , 1990 .

[220]  Mattison Mines,et al.  Conceptualizing the Person: Hierarchical Society and Individual Autonomy in India , 1988 .

[221]  James F. Wilson.  The Moral Sense , 1994 .

[222]  Alan F. Westin,et al.  The Dimensions of Privacy: A National Opinion Research Survey of Attitudes Toward Privacy. , 1979 .

[223]  J. Dunn,et al.  Conflict and the development of social understanding. , 1992 .