The Semantics and Pragmatics of bestimmt and gewiss *

In this paper we discuss the two German specificity markers bestimmt and gewiss. Both markers share a tendency to indicate wide scope of the modified DP and to require identifiability of a certain kind. In these respects they correspond to specificity markers in other languages such as certain in English and French or koe-wh in Russian, although their precise semantic and pragmatic contributions differ from these items as well as from another. To illustrate, consider the following examples.