Charging/Discharging Behaviors and Integration of Electric Vehicle to Small-Scale Energy Management System

Integration of electric vehicle (EV) to support a small-scale energy management system (EMS) was demonstrated and studied. Initially, charging and discharging behaviours of electric vehicle in different seasons were evaluated to clarify the impact of surrounding temperature to charging and discharging rates. It was found that charging and discharging during summer results in higher rates than ones during winter. In addition, the integration of EVs to small-scale EMS (office) for peak-load shifting showed a very positive effect. Discharging of EVs during noon’s peak load can cut and shift the load. Therefore, higher contracted capacity of electricity can be avoided leading to lower total electricity cost.

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