A History of Social Justice and Political Power in the Middle East: The Circle of Justice From Mesopotamia to Globalization

1. Introduction: The Circle of Justice 2. Mesopotamia: "That the Strong Might Not Oppress the Weak" 3. Persia: "The Deeds God Likes Best are Righteousness and Justice" 4. The Islamic Empire: "No Prosperity without Justice and Good Administration" 5. Politics in Transition: "Curb the Strong from Riding on the Weak" 6. The Turks and Islamic Civilization: "The Most Penetrating of Arrows is the Prayer of the Oppressed" 7. Mongols and Turks: "Fierce toward Offenders, and in Judgements Just" 8. Early Modern Empires: "The World is a Garden, Its Wall is the State" 9. Modernization and Revolution: "No Justice without Law Applied Equally to All" 10. The Middle East in the Twentieth Century: "A Regime Can Endure with Impiety but not with Injustice". Epilogue