Effects of physical impairments on 2-D wavelength-hopping time-spreading optical code routed networks

In this work we investigate the effects of multiple access interference (MAI) and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) on two-dimensional wavelength-hopping time-spreading optical code paths. Analytical results show quantitative evaluation of the MAI and PMD effects and constraints at the outage probability. The contribution of each these sources of interference are used to help choose design of code parameters that increase performance of networks based on optical code paths (OCPs). By using a 2-D approach, flexibility and path availability is further increased in code/wavelength routed networks, without significant impact on resources.

[1]  K. Kitayama,et al.  Variable-bandwidth optical paths: comparison between optical code-labelled path and OCDM path , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[2]  C.-S. Bres,et al.  Code-Empowered Lightwave Networks , 2007, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[3]  Paul R. Prucnal,et al.  Demonstration of a transparent router for wavelength-hopping time-spreading optical CDMA , 2005 .

[4]  F.R. Durand,et al.  Impact of PMD on hybrid WDM/OCDM networks , 2005, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[5]  Wing C. Kwong,et al.  Prime Codes with Applications to CDMA Optical and Wireless Networks , 2002 .

[6]  Kumar N. Sivarajan,et al.  Optical Networks: A Practical Perspective , 1998 .

[7]  Edward H. Sargent,et al.  Optimum threshold detection in real-time scalable high-speed multi-wavelength optical code-division multiple-access LANs , 2002, IEEE Trans. Commun..

[8]  Masayuki Murata,et al.  Versatile optical code-based MPLS for circuit, burst, and packet switchings , 2003 .

[9]  E. Voges,et al.  Analytical probability density function for the Q factor due to PMD and noise , 2003, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[10]  C. Siva Ram Murthy,et al.  WDM Optical Networks: Concepts, Design, and Algorithms , 2001 .

[11]  F.R. Durand,et al.  Effects of multiple access interference and PMD on optical code lightpaths , 2007, 2007 IEEE Sarnoff Symposium.

[12]  Edward Mutafungwa.  Comparative analysis of the traffic performance of fiber-impairment limited WDM and hybrid OCDM/WDM networks , 2006, Photonic Network Communications.

[13]  Semih Bilgen,et al.  Distributed Restoration in Optical Networks using Feed-forward Neural Networks , 2006, Photonic Network Communications.

[14]  J. Bajcsy,et al.  Design and performance of 2-D codes for wavelength-time optical CDMA , 2002, IEEE Photonics Technology Letters.

[15]  Kevin H. Liu.  WDM Optical Networks , 2003 .

[16]  Angela Chiu,et al.  Issues for routing in the optical layer , 2001, IEEE Commun. Mag..

[17]  Ken-ichi Kitayama,et al.  Transparent virtual optical code/wavelength path network , 2002 .

[18]  Yue-Kai Huang,et al.  Novel Multicode-Processing Platform for Wavelength-Hopping Time-Spreading Optical CDMA: A Path to Device Miniaturization and Enhanced Network Functionality , 2007, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics.

[19]  Naoya Wada,et al.  Optical Code Division Multiplexing (OCDM) and Its Applications to Photonic Networks (Special Section on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications) , 1999 .