Un sistema di supporto alle decisioni per l'analisi dei conflitti derivanti da politiche di pricing A Decision Support System for Analysing Conflicts Related to Pricing Policies Implementation

Negli ultimi anni molte citta europee hanno introdotto politiche di tariffazione come strumento di gestione della domanda di trasporto, in particolare per ridurre la congestione e riequilibrare la ripartizione modale tra trasporto individuale e collettivo. Infatti, il comportamento degli utenti conduce il sistema ad una condizione di Equilibrio dell’Utente ( User Equilibrium ) che non corrisponde alla massimizzazione dell’utilita globale e non prende in considerazione i costi esterni. Pertanto, al fine di raggiungere una configurazione efficiente nell’utilizzo dei sistemi di trasporto (indicata in letteratura come Equilibrio del Sistema – System Equilibrium ), e necessario imporre una tariffazione sulle strade urbane in modo da massimizzare il surplus sociale. Per numerose ragioni (teoriche, politiche, sociali) e impossibile applicare “tariffe efficienti” (indicate in letteratura come first-best solutions ); percio sulle reti reali bisogna applicare tariffe sub-ottimali ( second-best solutions ). Inoltre, una delle problematiche principali dell’applicazione delle politiche di pricing e la loro “accettazione” da parte della comunita e/o di sue componenti (commercianti, residenti, pendolari, ecc.) che conduce a conflitti ed opposizioni. In questa nota, si analizza il problema del progetto delle tariffe ottimali nel caso in cui i ricavi siano investiti totalmente o parzialmente per migliorare il trasporto collettivo. In particolare, si formula un modello che sia multimodale e multiutente, in cui gli aspetti relativi alla scelta modale siano calcolati in maniera esplicita su rete in corrispondenza di ciascuna configurazione tariffaria. Il modello e applicato ad una rete test (costruita con differenti valori di accessibilita relativa tra le differenti zone), analizzando alcune strategie “second-best” con particolare riferimento al reinvestimento dei ricavi.

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