Improving the cleaning of heat exchangers.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the problem of fouling, and the associated problems of cleaning, with particular reference to milk fluids, as they have been most thoroughly studied. Fouling from milk results from protein and mineral deposition, each of which results in different problems for cleaning. Cleaning time is a function of a number of variables; both chemical (such as the cleaning chemical type and concentration, and the temperature) and physical (such as the flow rate, which affects the fluid shear on the surface of the deposit). In milk cleaning, protein deposit is first swollen by action of hydroxide and then removed by shear. The cleaning rate increases with increasing temperature and surface shear stress, but there can be an optimal concentration of hydroxide, above which the deposit becomes difficult to remove. A number of methods have been tried to increase the cleaning rate, including pulsed flows, enzyme cleaners, and ice pigs. Surface modification has been tried by a number of workers.

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