BLAD: A comprehensive database of widely circulated beta-lactamases

MOTIVATION Beta-lactamases confer resistance to a broad range of antibiotics and inhibitors by accumulating mutations. The number of beta-lactamases and their variants is steadily increasing. The horizontal gene transfer likely plays a major role in dissemination of these markers to new environments and hosts. Moreover, information about the beta-lactamase classes and their variants was scattered. Categorizing all these classes and their associated variants along with their epidemiology and resistance pattern information on one platform could be helpful to the researcher working on multidrug-resistant bacteria. Thus, the beta-lactamase database (BLAD) has been developed to provide comprehensive information (epidemiology and resistance pattern) on beta-lactamases. Beta-lactamase gene sequences in BLAD are linked with structural data, phenotypic data (i.e. antibiotic resistance) and literature references to experimental studies. In summary, BLAD integrates information that may provide insight into the epidemiology of multidrug resistance and enable the designing of novel drug candidates. AVAILABILITY The database can be accessed from the website www.blad.co.in.

[1]  References , 1971 .

[2]  J L Sussman,et al.  Protein Data Bank (PDB): database of three-dimensional structural information of biological macromolecules. , 1998, Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography.

[3]  Asad U. Khan,et al.  Spread of carbapenemase NDM-1 producers: The situation in India and what may be proposed , 2012, Scandinavian journal of infectious diseases.

[4]  P. Bradford.  Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in the 21st Century: Characterization, Epidemiology, and Detection of This Important Resistance Threat , 2001, Clinical Microbiology Reviews.

[5]  J M Ghuysen,et al.  Serine beta-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins. , 1991, Annual review of microbiology.

[6]  N. Høiby,et al.  Class A carbapenemases. , 2007, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[7]  Peter Wenzl,et al.  New DArT markers for oat provide enhanced map coverage and global germplasm characterization , 2009, BMC Genomics.

[8]  Michael Bell,et al.  Vital Signs: Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae , 2013, MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.

[9]  Mihai Pop,et al.  ARDB—Antibiotic Resistance Genes Database , 2008, Nucleic Acids Res..

[10]  Barry G. Hall,et al.  Revised Ambler classification of β-lactamases , 2005 .

[11]  Quan K Thai,et al.  SHV Lactamase Engineering Database: a reconciliation tool for SHV β-lactamases in public databases , 2010, BMC Genomics.

[12]  J. Ghuysen,et al.  Serine beta-lactamases and penicillin-binding proteins. , 1991, Annual review of microbiology.

[13]  J. Knox,et al.  Inhibition of class C beta-lactamases: structure of a reaction intermediate with a cephem sulfone. , 2001, Biochemistry.

[14]  Jürgen Pleiss,et al.  The Lactamase Engineering Database: a critical survey of TEM sequences in public databases , 2009, BMC Genomics.