Growth hormone deficiency and replacement effect on adult bone mass: A clinical update

[1]  Houde Zhou,et al.  Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 promotes osteogenic differentiation and collagen I alpha 2 synthesis via induction of mRNA‐binding protein LARP6 expression , 2017, Development, growth & differentiation.

[2]  M. Murad,et al.  Hormonal Replacement in Hypopituitarism in Adults: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. , 2016, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[3]  A. Formenti,et al.  Growth hormone receptor isoforms and fracture risk in adult‐onset growth hormone‐deficient patients , 2016, Clinical endocrinology.

[4]  O. Dekkers,et al.  Effects of discontinuation of growth hormone replacement in adult GH-deficient patients: a cohort study and a systematic review of the literature. , 2016, European journal of endocrinology.

[5]  F. Hawkins,et al.  Seven years of follow up of trabecular bone score, bone mineral density, body composition and quality of life in adults with growth hormone deficiency treated with rhGH replacement in a single center , 2016, Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism.

[6]  N. Binkley,et al.  TRABECULAR BONE SCORE CHANGE DIFFERS WITH REGARD TO 25(OH)D LEVELS IN PATIENTS TREATED FOR ADULT-ONSET GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY. , 2016, Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists.

[7]  C. Gordon,et al.  The National Osteoporosis Foundation’s position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations , 2016, Osteoporosis International.

[8]  G. Mazziotti,et al.  Incidence of morphometric vertebral fractures in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency , 2016, Endocrine.

[9]  Stephanie Boutroy,et al.  Fracture Risk Prediction by Non-BMD DXA Measures: the 2015 ISCD Official Positions Part 2: Trabecular Bone Score. , 2015, Journal of clinical densitometry : the official journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry.

[10]  M. Fleseriu,et al.  Fracture risk in adult patients treated with growth hormone replacement therapy for growth hormone deficiency: a prospective observational cohort study. , 2015, The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology.

[11]  K. Godang,et al.  Increased serum and bone matrix levels of the secreted Wnt antagonist DKK-1 in patients with growth hormone deficiency in response to growth hormone treatment. , 2015, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[12]  N. Biermasz,et al.  Effects of up to 15 years of recombinant human GH (rhGH) replacement on bone metabolism in adults with Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD): The Leiden Cohort Study , 2014, Clinical endocrinology.

[13]  Z. Zelinková,et al.  Impact of the growth hormone replacement on bone status in growth hormone deficient adults. , 2014, Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society.

[14]  A. Klibanski,et al.  Effects of recombinant human growth hormone therapy on bone mineral density in adults with growth hormone deficiency: a meta-analysis. , 2014, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[15]  J. Svensson,et al.  Baseline characteristics and effects of ten years of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in adults previously treated with pituitary irradiation. , 2013, Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society.

[16]  R. Salvatori,et al.  Lifetime, untreated isolated GH deficiency due to a GH-releasing hormone receptor mutation has beneficial consequences on bone status in older individuals, and does not influence their abdominal aorta calcification , 2013, Endocrine.

[17]  F. D. de Paula,et al.  Isolated GH deficiency due to a GHRH receptor mutation causes hip joint problems and genu valgum, and reduces size but not density of trabecular and mixed bone. , 2013, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[18]  S. Greenspan,et al.  Predictors of the effects of 4 years of growth hormone replacement on bone mineral density in patients with adult‐onset growth hormone deficiency – a KIMS database analysis , 2013, Clinical endocrinology.

[19]  F. Roelfsema,et al.  Long-term effects of recombinant human GH replacement in adults with GH deficiency: a systematic review. , 2013, European journal of endocrinology.

[20]  S. Greenspan,et al.  A longer interval without GH replacement and female gender are associated with lower bone mineral density in adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency: a KIMS database analysis. , 2012, European journal of endocrinology.

[21]  J. Svensson,et al.  Effects of 3-year GH replacement therapy on bone mineral density in younger and elderly adults with adult-onset GH deficiency , 2011, European journal of endocrinology.

[22]  J. Svensson,et al.  Fifteen years of GH replacement increases bone mineral density in hypopituitary patients with adult-onset GH deficiency , 2011, European journal of endocrinology.

[23]  V. Montori,et al.  Body composition and quality of life in adults treated with GH therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2012, European journal of endocrinology.

[24]  O. Gudmundsen,et al.  Favorable long-term effects of growth hormone replacement therapy on quality of life, bone metabolism, body composition and lipid levels in patients with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency. , 2011, Growth hormone & IGF research : official journal of the Growth Hormone Research Society and the International IGF Research Society.

[25]  S. Greenspan,et al.  Unreplaced sex steroid deficiency, corticotropin deficiency, and lower IGF-I are associated with lower bone mineral density in adults with growth hormone deficiency: a KIMS database analysis. , 2011, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[26]  M. Vance,et al.  Evaluation and treatment of adult growth hormone deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[27]  P. Chanson,et al.  Treatment for 24 months with recombinant human GH has a beneficial effect on bone mineral density in young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency. , 2009, European journal of endocrinology.

[28]  M. C. Savanelli,et al.  Bone density and turnover in young adult patients with growth hormone deficiency after 2-year growth hormone replacement according with gender , 2008, Journal of endocrinological investigation.

[29]  G. Mazziotti,et al.  Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and the skeleton. , 2008, Endocrine reviews.

[30]  P. White,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-I and fibroblast growth factor, but not growth hormone, affect growth plate chondrocyte proliferation. , 2007, Endocrinology.

[31]  J. Scism-Bacon,et al.  Effect of Growth Hormone Replacement on BMD in Adult‐Onset Growth Hormone Deficiency , 2007, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[32]  M. Losa,et al.  Growth hormone stimulates osteoprotegerin expression and secretion in human osteoblast-like cells. , 2007, The Journal of endocrinology.

[33]  J. Svensson,et al.  Ten-year GH replacement increases bone mineral density in hypopituitary patients with adult onset GH deficiency. , 2007, European journal of endocrinology.

[34]  D. Bikle,et al.  Role of IGF‐I Signaling in Regulating Osteoclastogenesis , 2006, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[35]  A. Bianchi,et al.  Increased Prevalence of Radiological Spinal Deformities in Adult Patients With GH Deficiency: Influence of GH Replacement Therapy , 2006, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[36]  R. Murray,et al.  A densitometric and morphometric analysis of the skeleton in adults with varying degrees of growth hormone deficiency. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[37]  J. T. ter Maaten,et al.  Effect of Long‐Term Growth Hormone Treatment on Bone Mass and Bone Metabolism in Growth Hormone‐Deficient Men , 2005, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[38]  J. Twisk,et al.  Effects of 10 years of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in adult GH‐deficient men , 2005, Clinical endocrinology.

[39]  N. Mauras,et al.  Limited efficacy of growth hormone (GH) during transition of GH-deficient patients from adolescence to adulthood: a phase III multicenter, double-blind, randomized two-year trial. , 2005, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[40]  R. Bouillon,et al.  Bone status and fracture prevalence in Russian adults with childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency. , 2004, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[41]  L. Phillips,et al.  Growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy in adult-onset gh deficiency: effects on body composition in men and women in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. , 2004, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[42]  J. Romijn,et al.  Long‐term skeletal effects of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) alone and rhGH combined with alendronate in GH‐deficient adults: a seven‐year follow‐up study , 2004, Clinical endocrinology.

[43]  R. Murray,et al.  Low bone mass is an infrequent feature of the adult growth hormone deficiency syndrome in middle-age adults and the elderly. , 2004, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[44]  L. Mosekilde,et al.  Human marrow stromal osteoblast-like cells do not show reduced responsiveness to In vitro stimulation with growth hormone in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis , 2004, Calcified Tissue International.

[45]  K. Attie,et al.  Growth hormone (GH) dose-response in young adults with childhood-onset GH deficiency: a two-year, multicenter, multiple-dose, placebo-controlled study. , 2003, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[46]  C. Quigley,et al.  Effect of growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone in postpubertal GH-deficient patients: a 2-year randomized, controlled, dose-ranging study. , 2003, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[47]  W. Fraser,et al.  Effects of growth hormone replacement on parathyroid hormone sensitivity and bone mineral metabolism. , 2003, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[48]  D. Dunger,et al.  The effect of cessation of growth hormone (GH) therapy on bone mineral accretion in GH-deficient adolescents at the completion of linear growth. , 2003, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[49]  W. Fraser,et al.  Parathyroid hormone secretory pattern, circulating activity, and effect on bone turnover in adult growth hormone deficiency. , 2003, Bone.

[50]  P. Carroll,et al.  Influence of Growth Hormone on Accretion of Bone Mass , 2002, Hormone Research in Paediatrics.

[51]  R. Bouillon,et al.  The Effects of Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy on Bone Metabolism in Adult‐Onset Growth Hormone Deficiency: A 2‐Year Open Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial , 2002, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[52]  H. C. Hoeck,et al.  Bone mineral content and bone metabolism during physiological GH treatment in GH-deficient adults--an 18-month randomised, placebo-controlled, double blinded trial. , 2002, European journal of endocrinology.

[53]  H. C. Hoeck,et al.  Fracture risk is increased in patients with GH deficiency or untreated prolactinomas – a case‐control study , 2002, Clinical endocrinology.

[54]  S. Majumdar,et al.  The Skeletal Structure of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor I‐Deficient Mice , 2001, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[55]  J. Svensson,et al.  Baseline characteristics and the effects of five years of GH replacement therapy in adults with GH deficiency of childhood or adulthood onset: a comparative, prospective study. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[56]  M. Alpsten,et al.  A prospective study of 5 years of GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient adults: sustained effects on body composition, bone mass, and metabolic indices. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[57]  R. Ziegler,et al.  Effects of 6 years of growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone mineral density in GH‐deficient adults , 2001, Clinical endocrinology.

[58]  J. Weaver,et al.  The influence of gender on the short and long‐term effects of growth hormone replacement on bone metabolism and bone mineral density in hypopituitary adults: a 5‐year study , 2001, Clinical endocrinology.

[59]  B. Bengtsson,et al.  The Influence of Growth Hormone Deficiency, Growth Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Other Aspects of Hypopituitarism on Fracture Rate and Bone Mineral Density , 2001, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[60]  S. Mohan,et al.  Growth hormone replacement therapy improves body composition and increases bone metabolism in elderly patients with pituitary disease. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[61]  C. Sweep,et al.  Gender difference in insulin-like growth factor I response to growth hormone (GH) treatment in GH-deficient adults: role of sex hormone replacement. , 2000, Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism.

[62]  D. Schoenfeld,et al.  Withdrawal of long-term physiological growth hormone (GH) administration: differential effects on bone density and body composition in men with adult-onset GH deficiency. , 2000, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[63]  J. T. ter Maaten,et al.  Long-term effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement in men with childhood-onset GH deficiency. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[64]  E. Ghigo,et al.  Bone loss is correlated to the severity of growth hormone deficiency in adult patients with hypopituitarism. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[65]  S. Ljunghall,et al.  Gender differences in the effects of long term growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone in adults with GH deficiency. , 1999, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[66]  J. Viikari,et al.  Effects of 42 months of GH treatment on bone mineral density and bone turnover in GH-deficient adults. , 1999, European journal of endocrinology.

[67]  A. Colao,et al.  Effects of two years of growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy on bone metabolism and mineral density in childhood and adulthood onset GH deficient patients , 1999, Journal of endocrinological investigation.

[68]  G. Saggese,et al.  Measurement of volumetric bone mineral density accurately determines degree of lumbar undermineralization in children with growth hormone deficiency. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[69]  W. Drake,et al.  Optimizing growth hormone replacement therapy by dose titration in hypopituitary adults. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[70]  F. Roelfsema,et al.  Skeletal effects of two years of treatment with low physiological doses of recombinant human growth hormone (GH) in patients with adult-onset GH deficiency. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[71]  P. Kann,et al.  Effect of long‐term treatment with GH on bone metabolism, bone mineral density and bone elasticity in GH‐deficient adults , 1998, Clinical endocrinology.

[72]  Jabbar,et al.  Serum collagen crosslinks as markers of bone turn‐over during GH replacement therapy in growth hormone deficient adults , 1998, Clinical endocrinology.

[73]  Rahim,et al.  Long‐term change in the bone mineral density of adults with adult onset growth hormone (GH) deficiency in response to short or long‐term GH replacement therapy , 1998, Clinical endocrinology.

[74]  C. Ohlsson,et al.  Growth hormone and bone. , 1998, Endocrine reviews.

[75]  H. Burger,et al.  The Australian Multicenter Trial of Growth Hormone (GH) Treatment in GH-Deficient Adults. , 1998, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[76]  F. Kainberger,et al.  Effect of Long-Term Growth-Hormone Substitution Therapy on Bone Mineral Density and Parameters of Bone Metabolism in Adult Patients with Growth Hormone Deficiency , 1998, Calcified Tissue International.

[77]  L. Wilhelmsen,et al.  Increased fracture frequency in adult patients with hypopituitarism and GH deficiency. , 1997, European journal of endocrinology.

[78]  E. Krenning,et al.  Changes in bone mineral density, body composition, and lipid metabolism during growth hormone (GH) treatment in children with GH deficiency. , 1997, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[79]  P. Lips,et al.  The effect of growth hormone (GH) on histomorphometric indices of bone structure and bone turnover in GH-deficient men. , 1997, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[80]  J. Adams,et al.  Elderly patients with adult-onset growth hormone deficiency are not osteopenic. , 1997, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[81]  R. Gasser,et al.  Effects of growth hormone (GH) replacement on bone metabolism and mineral density in adult onset of GH deficiency: results of a double-blind placebo-controlled study with open follow-up. , 1997, European journal of endocrinology.

[82]  A. Siegbahn,et al.  Growth hormone (GH)-deficient men are more responsive to GH replacement therapy than women. , 1997, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[83]  D. Schoenfeld,et al.  Effects of Physiologic Growth Hormone Therapy on Bone Density and Body Composition in Patients with Adult-Onset Growth Hormone Deficiency , 1996, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[84]  L. Mosekilde,et al.  Effects of 12 months of growth hormone (GH) treatment on calciotropic hormones, calcium homeostasis, and bone metabolism in adults with acquired GH deficiency: a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. , 1996, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[85]  L. Sjöström,et al.  Two years of growth hormone (GH) treatment increases bone mineral content and density in hypopituitary patients with adult-onset GH deficiency. , 1996, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[86]  G. Saggese,et al.  The effect of long-term growth hormone (GH) treatment on bone mineral density in children with GH deficiency. Role of GH in the attainment of peak bone mass. , 1996, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[87]  P. Lips,et al.  Histomorphometric analysis of bone mass and bone metabolism in growth hormone deficient adult men. , 1996, Bone.

[88]  H. Pols,et al.  Combined treatment of growth hormone and the bisphosphonate pamidronate, versus treatment with GH alone, in GH‐deficient adults: the effects on renal phosphate handling, bone turnover and bone mineral mass , 1995, Clinical endocrinology.

[89]  M. Thorén,et al.  Reduced bone mineral density in adults with growth hormone (GH) deficiency: increased bone turnover during 12 months of GH substitution therapy. , 1995, European journal of endocrinology.

[90]  S. Inzucchi,et al.  Clinical review 61: Effects of growth hormone on human bone biology. , 1994, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[91]  P. Lips,et al.  Consequences of childhood‐onset growth hormone deficiency for adult bone mass , 1994, Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

[92]  R. Whitehouse,et al.  Reduced bone mineral density in patients with adult onset growth hormone deficiency. , 1994, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[93]  D. Johnston,et al.  The effect of growth hormone replacement therapy in hypopituitary adults on calcium and bone metabolism * , 1994, Clinical endocrinology.

[94]  A. Sartorio,et al.  Growth hormone treatment in adults with GH deficiency: Effects on new biochemical markers of bone and collagen turnover , 1993, Journal of endocrinological investigation.

[95]  T. Hansson,et al.  Reduced bone mineral content in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency. , 1993, Acta endocrinologica.

[96]  L. Wilhelmsen,et al.  Cardiovascular risk factors in adult patients with growth hormone deficiency. , 1993, Acta endocrinologica.

[97]  M. Thorén,et al.  Preliminary study of the effects of growth hormone substitution therapy on bone mineral density and serum osteocalcin levels in adults with growth hormone deficiency. , 1993, Acta endocrinologica.

[98]  R. Whitehouse,et al.  Increased bone density after recombinant human growth hormone (GH) therapy in adults with isolated GH deficiency. , 1993, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[99]  S. Lamberts,et al.  The effect of growth hormone administration in growth hormone deficient adults on bone, protein, carbohydrate and lipid homeostasis, as well as on body composition , 1992, Clinical endocrinology.

[100]  J. Kaufman,et al.  Bone mineral status in growth hormone-deficient males with isolated and multiple pituitary deficiencies of childhood onset. , 1992, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[101]  P. Sönksen,et al.  Psychological well-being before and after growth hormone treatment in adults with growth hormone deficiency. , 1990, Hormone research.