Treatment of radioactive wastewater using direct contact membrane distillation.

Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) was used to treat low level radioactive wastewater (LLRW). The dusty gas model (DGM) was used to analyze the mass transfer mechanism and calculate the permeate flux. The operating parameters such as feed temperature, feed velocity and feed concentration were studied. The experimental results showed that DCMD process can separate almost all Cs(+), Sr(2+) and Co(2+) from wastewater. The permeate flux decreased linearly when NaNO3 concentration increased from 1.0 to 200 g/L. The permeate flux remained about 60% of its initial flux even when NaNO3 concentration in feed solution was as high as 200 g/L. The dusty gas model can be successfully applied to estimate the mass transfer, and the experimental permeate flux values fitted well with that calculated by DGM. DCMD is a promising separation process for low level radioactive wastewater treatment.

[1]  E. Drioli,et al.  MEMBRANE DISTILLATION , 2012 .

[2]  K. Raj,et al.  Radioactive waste management practices in India , 2006 .

[3]  Yu. I. Dytnerskii,et al.  Prospects for using membrane distillation for reprocessing liquid radioactive wastes , 1993 .

[4]  E Drioli,et al.  Treatment of dye solutions by vacuum membrane distillation. , 2008, Water research.

[5]  Noam Lior,et al.  Membrane-distillation desalination: Status and potential , 2005 .

[6]  Stephen R Gray,et al.  Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD): Experimental study on the commercial PTFE membrane and , 2011 .

[7]  V. Janasi,et al.  Removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solutions using two Brazilian rocks containing zeolites , 2012, Environmental Earth Sciences.

[8]  Xing Yang,et al.  Novel designs for improving the performance of hollow fiber membrane distillation modules , 2011 .

[9]  M. Khayet.  Membranes and theoretical modeling of membrane distillation: a review. , 2011, Advances in colloid and interface science.

[10]  Jian-long Wang,et al.  Removal of Pb2+, Ag+, Cs+ and Sr2+ from aqueous solution by brewery's waste biomass. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[11]  M. Sillanpää,et al.  Membrane purification in radioactive waste management: a short review. , 2012, Journal of environmental radioactivity.

[12]  Mohamed Khayet,et al.  Treatment of radioactive wastewater solutions by direct contact membrane distillation using surface modified membranes , 2013 .

[13]  Manh Hoang,et al.  Ammonia removal by sweep gas membrane distillation. , 2009, Water research.

[14]  Zhi-Kang Xu,et al.  Microporous polypropylene and polyethylene hollow fiber membranes. Part 3. Experimental studies on membrane distillation for desalination , 2003 .

[15]  Jixiao Wang,et al.  Experimental study on treatment of electroplating wastewater by nanofiltration , 2007 .

[16]  K. Christensen,et al.  A model of direct contact membrane distillation for black currant juice , 2011 .

[17]  Andrzej G. Chmielewski,et al.  CONCENTRATION OF LOW- AND MEDIUM-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES WITH THREE-STAGE REVERSE OSMOSIS PILOT PLANT , 2001 .

[18]  Jianlong Wang,et al.  Removal of radionuclide Sr2+ ions from aqueous solution using synthesized magnetic chitosan beads , 2012 .

[19]  Jun-de Li,et al.  Modelling heat and mass transfers in DCMD using compressible membranes , 2012 .

[20]  N. Hilal,et al.  Membrane distillation: A comprehensive review , 2012 .

[21]  Anil Kumar Pabby,et al.  Membrane techniques for treatment in nuclear waste processing: global experience , 2008 .

[22]  T. Matsuura,et al.  Radioactive decontamination of water , 2013 .

[23]  Mohamed Khayet,et al.  A framework for better understanding membrane distillation separation process , 2006 .

[24]  E. Drioli,et al.  Potential of membrane distillation in seawater desalination: Thermal efficiency, sensitivity study and cost estimation , 2008 .

[25]  B. García-Fayos,et al.  Treatment of hospital radioactive liquid wastes from RIA (radioimmunoassay) by membrane technology , 2013 .

[26]  Mohamed Khayet,et al.  Concentration of olive mill wastewater by membrane distillation for polyphenols recovery , 2009 .

[27]  Jun Wang,et al.  Integration of direct contact membrane distillation and recirculating cooling water system for pure water production , 2008 .

[28]  Jianlong Wang,et al.  The characteristics and mechanism of Co(II) removal from aqueous solution by a novel xanthate-modified magnetic chitosan , 2012 .

[29]  Roland Wimmerstedt,et al.  Membrane distillation - a theoretical study of evaporation through microporous membranes , 1985 .

[30]  W. Mao,et al.  Performance of batch vacuum distillation process with promoters on coke-plant wastewater treatment , 2010 .

[31]  M. DULAMA,et al.  COMBINED RADIOACTIVE LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT PROCESSES INVOLVING INORGANIC SORBENTS AND MICRO/ULTRAFILTRATION , 2009 .

[32]  M. Khayet,et al.  Heat and mass transfer in vacuum membrane distillation , 2004 .

[33]  M. Qtaishat,et al.  Preparation and characterization of novel hydrophobic/hydrophilic polyetherimide composite membranes for desalination by direct contact membrane distillation , 2009 .

[34]  Xing Yang,et al.  Performance improvement of PVDF hollow fiber-based membrane distillation process , 2011 .

[35]  Xiaojing Ren,et al.  Boron removal from aqueous solution by direct contact membrane distillation. , 2010, Journal of hazardous materials.

[36]  Andrzej G. Chmielewski,et al.  Concentration of radioactive components in liquid low-level radioactive waste by membrane distillation , 1999 .

[37]  Can Chen,et al.  Biosorbents for heavy metals removal and their future. , 2009, Biotechnology advances.

[38]  E. Drioli,et al.  Membrane Distillation and Related Operations—A Review , 2005 .

[39]  Anthony G. Fane,et al.  A novel membrane bioreactor based on membrane distillation , 2008 .

[40]  Anthony G. Fane,et al.  Effect of pore size distribution and air flux on mass transport in direct contact membrane distillation , 2003 .

[41]  Anthony G. Fane,et al.  Mass transfer mechanisms and transport resistances in direct contact membrane distillation process , 2006 .

[42]  Nyunt Wai,et al.  Feasibility study on petrochemical wastewater treatment and reuse using a novel submerged membrane distillation bioreactor , 2010 .

[43]  Michael G. Lorenz,et al.  Flow rate influence on direct contact membrane distillation experiments: Different empirical correlations for Nusselt number , 2008 .

[44]  Andrzej G. Chmielewski,et al.  Membrane processes in nuclear technology-application for liquid radioactive waste treatment , 2001 .

[45]  M. Bader.  A hybrid liquid-phase precipitation (LPP) process in conjunction with membrane distillation (MD) for the treatment of the INEEL sodium-bearing liquid waste. , 2005, Journal of hazardous materials.

[46]  Ewa Dluska,et al.  Reducing fouling and boundary-layer by application of helical flow in ultrafiltration module employed for radioactive wastes processing , 2009 .

[47]  Yue Deng,et al.  Research on the treatment of liquid waste containing cesium by an adsorption-microfiltration process with potassium zinc hexacyanoferrate. , 2009, Journal of hazardous materials.