View labeling for automated interpretation of engineering drawings

Abstract A method is presented for segmenting engineering drawings into views and identifying the corresponding view points. A set of 2.5D view-based coordinate systems is introduced as an intermediate between the 2D drawing-based system and the 3D object-based coordinates, and a formal technique is developed for constructing transformation matrices between coordinates. The method accommodates auxiliary views in addition to the standard orthogonal set, and the number of views and their positions need not be known a priori. Drawings with moderate errors in line placement and view alignment can also be handled. A rule based approach, using evidential reasoning, is applied for labeling the views.

[1]  Jitendra Malik,et al.  Computing the Aspect Graph for Line Drawings of Polyhedral Objects , 1990, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[2]  Robert M. Haralick,et al.  Understanding engineering drawings , 1982, Comput. Graph. Image Process..

[3]  Tony P. Pridmore,et al.  Knowledge-Directed Interpretation of Mechanical Engineering Drawings , 1992, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[4]  Kokichi Sugihara,et al.  Mathematical Structures of Line Drawings of Polyhedrons-Toward Man-Machine Communication by Means of Line Drawings , 1982, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence.

[5]  Uday G. Gujar,et al.  3-D objects from 2-D orthographic views--A survey , 1988, Comput. Graph..

[6]  Lawrence O'Gorman,et al.  The Document Spectrum for Page Layout Analysis , 1993, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[7]  David C. Gossard,et al.  Solid model input through orthographic views , 1983, SIGGRAPH.

[8]  J. Malik,et al.  Recovering Three Dimensional Shape from a Single Image of Curved Objects , 1987, IJCAI.

[9]  Kuldip S. Sadhal,et al.  From Paper Drawings to Computer-Aided Design , 1985, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications.

[10]  George Markowsky,et al.  Fleshing out projections , 1981 .

[11]  Elizabeth T. Whitaker,et al.  Rule-Based Geometrical Reasoning For The Interpretation Of Line Drawings , 1986, Other Conferences.

[12]  Bruce G. Buchanan,et al.  The MYCIN Experiments of the Stanford Heuristic Programming Project , 1985 .

[13]  K. PREISS,et al.  Constructing the solid representation from engineering projections , 1984, Comput. Graph..

[14]  Jr. Daniel Bohdan Lysak.  Interpretation of engineering drawings of polyhedral and non-polyhedral objects from orthographic projections , 1991 .

[15]  James R. Gattiker,et al.  A System for Interpretation of Line Drawings , 1990, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[16]  John R. Kender,et al.  What is a 'Degenerate' View? , 1987, IJCAI.

[17]  Glenn Shafer,et al.  A Mathematical Theory of Evidence , 2020, A Mathematical Theory of Evidence.

[18]  Seiichi Nishihara,et al.  Interpreting engineering drawings of polyhedrons , 1988, [1988 Proceedings] 9th International Conference on Pattern Recognition.

[19]  Rangachar Kasturi,et al.  Detection of Dimension Sets in Engineering Drawings , 1994, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell..

[20]  Bernard Kolman,et al.  Discrete mathematical structures for computer science , 1988 .