Work surface friction coefficients: a survey of relevant factors and measurement methodology

Accidents due to slips and falls on slippery work services present a substantial safety problem. The coefficient of friction between a shoe sole and the floor surface determines for surface slipperiness and establishes the hazard potential of a given surface. Factors that affect the coefficient of friction may be grouped into work surface factors, human factors, and task factors, all of which must be considered in studying the problem of slippery surfaces. A variety of apparatus are available for measuring static and dynamic coefficients of friction, although such measurements vary with the methodology used. The most recent device is the Universal Friction Testing Machine, the advantages of which are currently being evaluated. Establishment of a safe coefficient of friction varies with the task involved, the worker, the type of surface (level, slope, or stairs), the shoe worn, et cetera. One standard established as a minimum for safe floor is a 0.5 coefficient of friction value. Variations among different specimens of the same material, different surface conditions (such as dry, wet, or oily), and temperature and humidity conditions make it difficult to establish standard measurement tests.