Dose‐dependent impact of proton pump inhibitors on the clinical course of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis

Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis is a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis leading to acute kidney injury, hepatic encephalopathy and a high mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of proton pump inhibitors and the potential relevance of the taken dosage on the incidence and clinical course of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

[1]  R. Hunt,et al.  Management of Helicobacter pylori infection—the Maastricht V/Florence Consensus Report , 2016, Gut.

[2]  H. Vilstrup,et al.  Proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for hepatic encephalopathy and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis with ascites , 2016, Hepatology.

[3]  G. Palù,et al.  The empirical antibiotic treatment of nosocomial spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: Results of a randomized, controlled clinical trial , 2016, Hepatology.

[4]  Wenjie Xiong,et al.  Proton pump inhibitor therapy and its association with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis incidence and mortality: A meta-analysis. , 2016, Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver.

[5]  B. Kronenberger,et al.  Proton pump inhibitor treatment is associated with the severity of liver disease and increased mortality in patients with cirrhosis , 2015, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[6]  M. Merli,et al.  The chronic use of beta‐blockers and proton pump inhibitors may affect the rate of bacterial infections in cirrhosis , 2015, Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver.

[7]  W. Kim,et al.  Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites , 2015, Gut.

[8]  M. Álvarez-Mon,et al.  Cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction: distinctive features and clinical relevance. , 2014, Journal of hepatology.

[9]  S. Taylor-Robinson,et al.  Systems biology analysis of omeprazole therapy in cirrhosis demonstrates significant shifts in gut microbiota composition and function. , 2014, American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology.

[10]  S. Bota,et al.  Proton Pump Inhibitor Intake neither Predisposes to Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis or Other Infections nor Increases Mortality in Patients with Cirrhosis and Ascites , 2014, PloS one.

[11]  J. J. Kim,et al.  Proton pump inhibitor use significantly increases the risk of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in 1965 patients with cirrhosis and ascites: a propensity score matched cohort study , 2014, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[12]  Simona Bota,et al.  Nonselective β blockers increase risk for hepatorenal syndrome and death in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. , 2014, Gastroenterology.

[13]  F. Lammert,et al.  Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: a position statement based on the EASL Special Conference 2013. , 2014, Journal of hepatology.

[14]  E. Savarino,et al.  EAES recommendations for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease , 2014, Surgical Endoscopy.

[15]  Ji Won Kim,et al.  Mortality associated with proton pump inhibitors in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis , 2014, Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology.

[16]  M. Merli,et al.  Increased risk of cognitive impairment in cirrhotic patients with bacterial infections. , 2013, Journal of hepatology.

[17]  R. Moreau,et al.  Acute-on-chronic liver failure is a distinct syndrome that develops in patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis. , 2013, Gastroenterology.

[18]  R. Navickis,et al.  Albumin infusion improves outcomes of patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. , 2013, Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association.

[19]  A. Gerbes,et al.  Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis: recent guidelines and beyond , 2011, Gut.

[20]  G. Trikudanathan,et al.  Association between proton pump inhibitors and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients – a systematic review and meta‐analysis , 2011, International journal of clinical practice.

[21]  A. Gerbes,et al.  S3-Leitlinie „Aszites, spontan bakterielle Peritonitis, hepatorenales Syndrom” , 2011, Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie.

[22]  A. Burroughs,et al.  Infections in patients with cirrhosis increase mortality four-fold and should be used in determining prognosis. , 2010, Gastroenterology.

[23]  L. Martí-Bonmatí,et al.  MR imaging in liver cirrhosis: classical and new approaches , 2010, Insights into imaging.

[24]  R. Hoffmann,et al.  Association of Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy With Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Cirrhotic Patients With Ascites , 2009, The American Journal of Gastroenterology.

[25]  M. Navasa,et al.  Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: Epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis , 2002, Hepatology.

[26]  B. Campillo,et al.  Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and of Gram-Negative Bacilli Resistant to Third-Generation Cephalosporins in Cirrhotic Patients A Prospective Assessment of Hospital-Acquired Infections , 2001, Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology.

[27]  M. Navasa,et al.  Effect of intravenous albumin on renal impairment and mortality in patients with cirrhosis and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[28]  S. O'keefe,et al.  Altered bowel function and duodenal bacterial overgrowth in patients treated with omeprazole , 1996, Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics.

[29]  T. Su,et al.  Proton Pump Inhibitors Increase Risk for Hepatic Encephalopathy in Patients With Cirrhosis in A Population Study. , 2017, Gastroenterology.

[30]  I. C. Team.  Dyspepsia and Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease: Investigation and Management of Dyspepsia, Symptoms Suggestive of Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease, or Both , 2014 .

[31]  T. Sauerbruch,et al.  [Method report: German S3-guideline "ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, hepatorenal syndrome"]. , 2011, Zeitschrift fur Gastroenterologie.