A normative framework for agent-based systems

One of the key issues in the computational representation of open societies relates to the introduction of norms that help to cope with the heterogeneity, the autonomy and the diversity of interests among their members. Research regarding this issue presents two omissions. One is the lack of a canonical model of norms that facilitates their implementation, and that allows us to describe the processes of reasoning about norms. The other refers to considering, in the model of normative multi-agent systems, the perspective of individual agents and what they might need to effectively reason about the society in which they participate. Both are the concerns of this paper, and the main objective is to present a formal normative framework for agent-based systems that facilitates their implementation.

[1]  Ivar Jacobson,et al.  The unified modeling language reference manual , 2010 .

[2]  R. Axelrod.  An Evolutionary Approach to Norms , 1986, American Political Science Review.

[3]  Mark Klein,et al.  Chapter 5 CONTRACTUAL AGENT SOCIETIES Negotiated shared context and social control in open multi-agent systems , 2001 .

[4]  Sarit Kraus,et al.  Nonmonotonic Reasoning, Preferential Models and Cumulative Logics , 1990, Artif. Intell..

[5]  Renate Motschnig,et al.  Specifying And Analysing Static And Dynamic Patterns Of Administrative Processes , 2002, ECIS.

[6]  Michael Luck,et al.  Agent technology: Enabling next generation computing , 2003 .

[7]  Julian Padget,et al.  Formalizing a Language for Institutions and Norms , 2001, ATAL.

[8]  J. Michael Spivey,et al.  The Z notation - a reference manual , 1992, Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science.

[9]  Rino Falcone,et al.  Introduction: Agents and Norms: How to fill the gap? , 1999, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[10]  Jan Odelstad,et al.  Evaluation of simulations with conflicting goals with application to cleaning of young forest stands , 2006 .

[11]  Frank Dignum,et al.  Autonomous Norm Acceptance , 1998, ATAL.

[12]  A. Montefiore.  NORM AND ACTION , 1964 .

[13]  Yao-Hua Tan,et al.  Formal aspects of a generic model of trust for electronic commerce , 2000, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.

[14]  Michael Luck,et al.  Modelling norms for autonomous agents , 2003, Proceedings of the Fourth Mexican International Conference on Computer Science, 2003. ENC 2003..

[15]  Frank Dignum,et al.  A Modal Approach to Intentions, Commitments and Obligations: Intention plus Commitment Yields Obligation , 1996, DEON.

[16]  Pericles Loucopoulos,et al.  Towards a systematic approach to the capture of patterns within a business domain , 2003, J. Syst. Softw..

[17]  Michael Luck,et al.  Normative agent reasoning in dynamic societies , 2004, Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2004. AAMAS 2004..

[18]  Michael J. Maher,et al.  Efficient defeasible reasoning systems , 2000, Proceedings 12th IEEE Internationals Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence. ICTAI 2000.

[19]  Moshe Tennenholtz,et al.  On Social Laws for Artificial Agent Societies: Off-Line Design , 1995, Artif. Intell..

[20]  Yao-Hua Tan,et al.  Dynamic normative reasoning under uncertainty , 2001 .

[21]  Leon van der Torre,et al.  Contrary‐to‐duty reasoning with preference‐based dyadic obligations , 1999, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

[22]  Mark Klein,et al.  Contractual Agent Societies , 2001 .

[23]  Marek J. Sergot,et al.  A Formal Characterisation of Institutionalised Power , 1996, Log. J. IGPL.

[24]  Roel Wieringa,et al.  Deontic logic in computer science: normative system specification , 1994 .

[25]  Jan Odelstad,et al.  Normative Systems and their Revision: An Algebraic Approach , 2004, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[26]  Michael J. Maher,et al.  Representation results for defeasible logic , 2000, TOCL.

[27]  Nicholas R. Jennings,et al.  Rights and commitment in multi-agent agreements , 1998, Proceedings International Conference on Multi Agent Systems (Cat. No.98EX160).

[28]  H. Van Dyke Parunak,et al.  A Practitioners' Review of Industrial Agent Applications , 2000, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[29]  Michael Wooldridge,et al.  Understanding the Emergence of Conventions in Multi-Agent Systems , 1995, ICMAS.

[30]  Michael Luck,et al.  Understanding Agent Systems , 2001, Springer Series on Agent Technology.

[31]  Jan Odelstad,et al.  The role of connections as minimal norms in normative systems , 2002 .

[32]  E. Ullmann-Margalit.  The Emergence Of Norms , 1977 .

[33]  Mihai Barbuceanu,et al.  Role of Obligations in Multiagent Coordination , 1999, Appl. Artif. Intell..

[34]  G. Boella,et al.  Deliberate Normative Agents , 2001 .

[35]  Chrysanthos Dellarocas Sloan.  Contractual Agent Societies : Negotiated shared context and social control in open multi-agent systems , 2000 .

[36]  Leon van der Torre,et al.  Rights, Duties and Commitments between Agents , 1999, IJCAI.

[37]  Cristina Bicchieri,et al.  Norms of Cooperation , 1990, Ethics.

[38]  Munindar P. Singh.  An ontology for commitments in multiagent systems: , 1999, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[39]  Bruce Edmonds,et al.  SDML: A Multi-Agent Language for Organizational Modelling , 1998, Comput. Math. Organ. Theory.

[40]  Jan Marco Leimeister,et al.  Towards mobile communities for cancer patients: the case of krebsgemeinschaft.de , 2004, Int. J. Web Based Communities.

[41]  John L. Pollock,et al.  Defeasible Reasoning , 2020, Synthese Library.

[42]  Jan Odelstad,et al.  Intermediate Concepts in Normative Systems , 2006, DEON.

[43]  Michael Luck,et al.  A Model of Normative Multi-agent Systems and Dynamic Relationships , 2002, RASTA.

[44]  David S. Johnson,et al.  Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness , 1978 .

[45]  Virginia Dignum.  A Model for Organizational Interaction , 2003 .

[46]  Jan Odelstad,et al.  Simulation of cleaning of young forest stands , 2005 .

[47]  R. Conte,et al.  Cognitive and social action , 1995 .

[48]  Magnus Boman,et al.  Algebras for Agent Norm-Regulation , 2003, Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence.

[49]  Kevin Crowston,et al.  The interdisciplinary study of coordination , 1994, CSUR.

[50]  Ghita Holmström-Hintikka,et al.  Rights and Parliamentarism , 2001 .

[51]  Timo Steffens,et al.  Understanding Agent Systems , 2004, Künstliche Intell..

[52]  Magnus Boman,et al.  Norms in artificial decision making , 1999, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[53]  Michael Luck,et al.  A Manifesto for Agent Technology: Towards Next Generation Computing , 2004, Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems.

[54]  G. Sartor.  Legal Reasoning: A Cognitive Approach to Law , 2005 .

[55]  Michael J. Maher.  Under consideration for publication in Theory and Practice of Logic Programming 1 Propositional Defeasible Logic has Linear Complexity , 2004 .

[56]  Frank Dignum,et al.  Towards socially sophisticated BDI agents , 2000, Proceedings Fourth International Conference on MultiAgent Systems.

[57]  Mario Paolucci,et al.  Normative reputation and the costs of compliance , 1998, J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul..

[58]  Lars Lindahl,et al.  Position and change , 1977 .

[59]  R. Tuomela.  The Importance of Us: A Philosophical Study of Basic Social Notions , 1995 .

[60]  Alípio Mário Jorge,et al.  Proceedings of the10th Portuguese Conference on Artificial Intelligence on Progress in Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Extraction, Multi-agent Systems, Logic Programming and Constraint Solving , 2001 .

[61]  Frank Dignum,et al.  Deliberative Normative Agents: Principles and Architecture , 1999, ATAL.

[62]  Jan Odelstad,et al.  Open and Closed Intermediaries in Normative Systems , 2006, JURIX.

[63]  Wolfgang Balzer,et al.  Social Institutions, Norms, and Practices , 2001 .

[64]  Donald Nute,et al.  Defeasible Logic , 1994, INAP.

[65]  Frank Dignum,et al.  Modelling Agent Societies: Co-ordination Frameworks and Institutions , 2001, EPIA.

[66]  Frank Dignum,et al.  Autonomous agents with norms , 1999, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[67]  Alf Ross,et al.  Directives and norms , 1968 .

[68]  Michael Luck,et al.  Agent technology: Enabling next generation computing , 2003 .

[69]  Krister Segerberg,et al.  Modal logic and philosophy , 2007, Handbook of Modal Logic.

[70]  J. H. Davis,et al.  An Integrative Model Of Organizational Trust , 1995 .

[71]  Gabriela Lindemann,et al.  Regulated Agent-Based Social Systems , 2004, Lecture Notes in Computer Science.

[72]  Munindar P. Singh.  An ontology for commitments in multiagent systems: , 1999, Artificial Intelligence and Law.

[73]  Don Tapscott,et al.  Digital capital: harnessing the power of business Webs , 2000, UBIQ.

[74]  David Billington,et al.  Defeasible Logic is Stable , 1993, J. Log. Comput..

[75]  Barbara Messing,et al.  An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems , 2002, Künstliche Intell..

[76]  Michael Luck,et al.  Constraining autonomy through norms , 2002, AAMAS '02.

[77]  Alexander Osterwalder,et al.  The business model ontology a proposition in a design science approach , 2004 .

[78]  Takashi Hashimoto,et al.  Formation of social norms in communicating agents with cognitive frameworks , 2001 .

[79]  Fabiola López y López,et al.  Social power and norms : impact on agent behaviour , 2003 .

[80]  Jan Odelstad,et al.  Normative positions within an algebraic approach to normative systems , 2004, J. Appl. Log..

[81]  Hans Weigand,et al.  Workflow analysis with communication norms , 2003, Data Knowl. Eng..