Optical Imaging With the Use of a Scattering Lens

“Turbidity” caused by multiple light scattering distorts the propagation of waves, and thus undermines optical imaging. For example, translucent biological tissues exhibiting optical turbidity have posed limitations on the imaging depth and energy transmission. Here, we introduce a novel method called turbid lens imaging (TLI) that records a transmission matrix of a scattering medium charactering the input-output response of the medium. The knowledge of this transmission matrix allows one to find an incident wave out of the distorted transmitted wave. Therefore, it converts the highly complex medium into a useful imaging optics. We demonstrate that the image distortion by a scattering medium can be eliminated by the use of the transmission matrix and a clean object image can be retrieved as a result. We extend TLI for imaging through a multimode optical fiber, which is also a scattering medium, and demonstrate an endoscopic imaging by using a single multimode optical fiber itself as a lens. In addition, we show that TLI removes the pixelation artifact in using an image fiber bundle and improve spatial resolution. Our method of making use of multiple light scattering will lay a foundation for advance optical bioimaging methods.

[1]  R. Alfano,et al.  Ballistic 2-D Imaging Through Scattering Walls Using an Ultrafast Optical Kerr Gate , 1991, Science.

[2]  M S Feld,et al.  Fluorescence tomographic imaging in turbid media using early-arriving photons and Laplace transforms. , 1997, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[3]  M. Gustafsson.  Surpassing the lateral resolution limit by a factor of two using structured illumination microscopy , 2000, Journal of microscopy.

[4]  Steven R. J. Brueck,et al.  Imaging interferometric microscopy , 2002, CLEO 2002.

[5]  Michael G Somekh,et al.  Full-field heterodyne interference microscope with spatially incoherent illumination. , 2004, Optics letters.

[6]  Gabriel Popescu,et al.  Hilbert phase microscopy for investigating fast dynamics in transparent systems. , 2005, Optics letters.

[7]  D. Sampson,et al.  Synthetic aperture fourier holographic optical microscopy. , 2006, Physical review letters.

[8]  G. Indebetouw,et al.  Scanning holographic microscopy with resolution exceeding the Rayleigh limit of the objective by superposition of off-axis holograms. , 2007, Applied optics.

[9]  G. Lerosey,et al.  Focusing Beyond the Diffraction Limit with Far-Field Time Reversal , 2007, Science.

[10]  C. Fang-Yen,et al.  Tomographic phase microscopy , 2008, Nature Methods.

[11]  D. Sampson,et al.  High-resolution, wide-field object reconstruction with synthetic aperture Fourier holographic optical microscopy. , 2009, Optics express.

[12]  S. Popoff,et al.  Measuring the transmission matrix in optics: an approach to the study and control of light propagation in disordered media. , 2009, Physical review letters.

[13]  A. Mosk,et al.  Exploiting disorder for perfect focusing , 2009, 0910.0873.

[14]  Zahid Yaqoob,et al.  Speckle-field digital holographic microscopy , 2009, BiOS.

[15]  I. Vellekoop,et al.  Scattered light fluorescence microscopy: imaging through turbid layers. , 2010, Optics letters.

[16]  Sylvain Gigan,et al.  Image transmission through an opaque material. , 2010, Nature communications.

[17]  Eric Betzig,et al.  Adaptive optics via pupil segmentation for high-resolution imaging in biological tissues , 2010, Nature Methods.

[18]  Wonshik Choi,et al.  Full-field and single-shot quantitative phase microscopy using dynamic speckle illumination. , 2011, Optics letters.

[19]  E. G. van Putten,et al.  Scattering lens resolves sub-100 nm structures with visible light. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[20]  O. Katz,et al.  Focusing and compression of ultrashort pulses through scattering media , 2010, 1012.0413.

[21]  Yongjin Sung,et al.  High-speed synthetic aperture microscopy for live cell imaging. , 2011, Optics letters.

[22]  Michael S Feld,et al.  Overcoming the diffraction limit using multiple light scattering in a highly disordered medium. , 2011, Physical review letters.

[23]  Moonseok Kim,et al.  Synthetic aperture microscopy for high resolution imaging through a turbid medium. , 2011, Optics letters.

[24]  K. Dholakia,et al.  Exploiting multimode waveguides for pure fibre-based imaging , 2012, Nature Communications.

[25]  Anne Sentenac,et al.  Structured illumination microscopy using unknown speckle patterns , 2012, Nature Photonics.

[26]  W. Choi,et al.  Maximal energy transport through disordered media with the implementation of transmission eigenchannels , 2012, Nature Photonics.

[27]  Silvio Bianchi,et al.  A multi-mode fiber probe for holographic micromanipulation and microscopy. , 2012, Lab on a chip.

[28]  J. Bertolotti,et al.  Non-invasive imaging through opaque scattering layers , 2012, Nature.

[29]  Moonseok Kim,et al.  Scanner-free and wide-field endoscopic imaging by using a single multimode optical fiber. , 2012, Physical review letters.

[30]  Demetri Psaltis,et al.  High-resolution, lensless endoscope based on digital scanning through a multimode optical fiber , 2013, Biomedical optics express.

[31]  Baoli Yao,et al.  DMD-based LED-illumination Super-resolution and optical sectioning microscopy , 2013, Scientific Reports.

[32]  Ruo Yu Gu,et al.  Resolution limits for imaging through multi-mode fiber. , 2013, Optics express.

[33]  W. Choi,et al.  Detection of evanescent waves using disordered nanowires , 2013 .