Coupling of an offshore wind-driven deep sea water pump to an air cycle machine for large-scale cooling applications

A system for using offshore wind energy to directly provide large-scale cooling through the exploitation of cold deep seawater below thermocline formations is proposed. The concept is based on an offshore wind-driven hydraulic pump supplying high pressure deep seawater to a land based plant. This pressurised seawater is used to power a hydraulic turbine which drives an inverse Brayton air cycle machine, and is then diverted to a heat exchanger to cool the pressurised air prior to flowing back to the sea.

[1]  Hefei Zhang,et al.  Open air-vapor compression refrigeration system for air conditioning and hot water cooled by cool water , 2007 .

[2]  S. H. Chen,et al.  Three-Dimensional Unsteady Turbomachinery Flow Analysis , 1999 .

[3]  Shengjun Liu,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis of air cycle refrigeration system for Chinese train air conditioning , 2011 .

[4]  Shaobo Hou,et al.  An open air–vapor compression refrigeration system for air-conditioning and desalination on ship , 2008 .

[5]  Hou Shaobo,et al.  An open Reversed Brayton cylce with Regeneration Using Moist Air for Air Conditioning Cooled by Circulating Water , 2011 .

[6]  Tonio Sant,et al.  Performance Modelling of an Offshore Floating Wind Turbine-Driven Deep Sea Water Extraction System for Combined Power and Thermal Energy Production: A Case Study in a Central Mediterranean Context , 2013 .

[7]  Tonio Sant,et al.  Offshore Floating Wind Turbine-driven Deep Sea Water Pumping for Combined Electrical Power and District Cooling , 2014 .

[8]  V. Gnielinski.  New equations for heat and mass transfer in turbulent pipe and channel flow , 1976 .

[9]  R. L. Elder,et al.  Axial compressor performance modelling with a quasi-one-dimensional approach , 2002 .

[10]  N.F.B. Diepeveen,et al.  On the Application of Fluid Power Transmission in Offshore Wind Turbines , 2013 .

[11]  Wagdy A. Y. Anis.  The impact of airtightness on system design , 2001 .

[13]  Pier Ruggero Spina.  Gas Turbine Performance Prediction by Using Generalized Performance Curves of Compressor and Turbine Stages , 2002 .

[14]  Chi-Chuan Wang,et al.  Heat transfer and friction characteristics of plain fin-and-tube heat exchangers, part II: Correlation , 2000 .

[15]  D. G. Ainley,et al.  A Method of Performance Estimation for Axial-Flow Turbines , 1951 .

[16]  Gongnan Xie,et al.  Parametric study and multiple correlations on air-side heat transfer and friction characteristics of fin-and-tube heat exchangers with large number of large-diameter tube rows , 2009 .

[17]  F. W. Yu,et al.  Energy simulation of sustainable air-cooled chiller system for commercial buildings under climate change , 2013 .

[18]  F. W. Yu,et al.  Economic benefits of optimal control for water-cooled chiller systems serving hotels in a subtropical climate , 2010 .

[19]  Francis W.H. Yik,et al.  A study on the energy performance of three schemes for widening application of water-cooled air-conditioning systems in Hong Kong , 2001 .

[20]  J. Jonkman,et al.  Definition of a 5-MW Reference Wind Turbine for Offshore System Development , 2009 .

[21]  Meherwan P. Boyce,et al.  Gas turbine engineering handbook , 1981 .

[22]  Yasunori Akashi,et al.  Effects of utilizing seawater as a cooling source system in a commercial complex , 2007 .

[23]  Tong Seop Kim,et al.  Off-design operating characteristics of an open-cycle air refrigeration system , 2012 .

[24]  S. Haaland.  Simple and Explicit Formulas for the Friction Factor in Turbulent Pipe Flow , 1983 .

[25]  Joseph P. Veres,et al.  Axial and Centrifugal Compressor Mean Line Flow Analysis Method , 2009 .

[26]  Tonio Sant,et al.  Analysis of a stand-alone hydraulic offshore wind turbine coupled to a pumped water storage facility , 2013 .

[27]  J. H. Kim,et al.  Performance prediction of axial flow compressors using stage characteristics and simultaneous calculation of interstage parameters , 2001 .

[28]  A. R. Howell,et al.  Overall and Stage Characteristics of Axial-flow Compressors , 1950 .

[29]  Paul Fletcher,et al.  Gas Turbine Performance , 1998 .

[30]  Andrew Kusiak,et al.  Modeling and optimization of a chiller plant , 2014 .

[31]  O. G. Martynenko,et al.  Handbook of hydraulic resistance , 1986 .

[32]  Fakhruldin Mohd Hashim,et al.  Generating Gas Turbine Component Maps Relying on Partially Known Overall System Characteristics , 2011 .

[33]  J. Braun.  Methodologies for the Design and Control of Central Cooling Plants , 1988 .

[34]  Joachim Kurzke,et al.  A New Compressor Map Scaling Procedure for Preliminary Conceptional Design of Gas Turbines , 2000 .

[35]  Gongnan Xie,et al.  Fin Pattern Effects on Air-Side Heat Transfer and Friction Characteristics of Fin-and-Tube Heat Exchangers with Large Number of Large-Diameter Tube Rows , 2009 .

[36]  D. J. Marshall,et al.  Health Monitoring of Variable Geometry Gas Turbines for the Canadian Navy , 1989 .

[37]  G. H. Babcock,et al.  Steam / its generation and use , 1972 .

[38]  Tonio Sant,et al.  Steady-state analysis of a conceptual offshore wind turbine driven electricity and thermocline energy extraction plant , 2014 .

[39]  John Ciani.  Sea/Lake Water Cooling for Naval Facilities. , 1978 .

[40]  Wei Xiang,et al.  Heating and cooling performance analysis of a ground source heat pump system in Southern Germany , 2015 .