Site-Selective Alkenylation of δ-C(sp(3))-H Bonds with Alkynes via a Six-Membered Palladacycle.

Most chelation-assisted aliphatic C-H activation proceeds through a kinetically favored five-membered cyclometalated intermediate. Here, we report the first site-selective alkenylation of δ-C(sp(3))-H in the presence of more accessible γ-C(sp(3))-H bonds via a kinetically less favored six-membered palladacycle. A wide range of functional groups are tolerated, and the unique protocol can be applied to the synthesis of chiral piperidines. Moreover, mechanistic insights have been conducted to elucidate the origin of the unusual site-selectivity.

[1]  J. Hartwig,et al.  Undirected, Homogeneous C–H Bond Functionalization: Challenges and Opportunities , 2016, ACS central science.

[2]  V. Boyarskiy,et al.  Alkenylation of Arenes and Heteroarenes with Alkynes. , 2016, Chemical reviews.

[3]  Guangbin Dong,et al.  A Hydrazone-Based exo-Directing-Group Strategy for β C-H Oxidation of Aliphatic Amines. , 2016, Angewandte Chemie.

[4]  Basker Sundararaju,et al.  Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Bond Activation: A Highly Stereoselective and Regioselective Alkenylation of 8-Methylquinoline with Alkynes , 2016 .

[5]  G. He,et al.  Syntheses and Transformations of α-Amino Acids via Palladium-Catalyzed Auxiliary-Directed sp(3) C-H Functionalization. , 2016, Accounts of chemical research.

[6]  B. Xiao,et al.  Synthesis of unnatural amino acids through palladium-catalyzed C(sp 3 )-H functionalization , 2016 .

[7]  Qizheng Yao,et al.  Ligand-Promoted Pd(II)-Catalyzed Functionalization of Unactivated C(sp3)–H Bond: Regio- and Stereoselective Synthesis of Arylated Rimantadine Derivatives , 2016 .

[8]  jin-quan yu,et al.  Ligand-Enabled γ-C(sp(3))-H Olefination of Amines: En Route to Pyrrolidines. , 2016, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[9]  Bing‐Feng Shi,et al.  Palladium-catalyzed C(sp^3)–H arylation of lactic acid: efficient synthesis of chiral β-aryl-α-hydroxy acids , 2016 .

[10]  M. Sanford,et al.  Palladium-Catalyzed Transannular C–H Functionalization of Alicyclic Amines , 2016, Nature.

[11]  Chuan He,et al.  Ligand-Enabled Catalytic C-H Arylation of Aliphatic Amines by a Four-Membered-Ring Cyclopalladation Pathway. , 2015, Angewandte Chemie.

[12]  K. Pasunooti,et al.  Auxiliary-Directed Pd-Catalyzed γ-C(sp(3))-H Bond Activation of α-Aminobutanoic Acid Derivatives. , 2015, Organic letters.

[13]  M. Gaunt,et al.  A steric tethering approach enables palladium-catalysed C-H activation of primary amino alcohols. , 2015, Nature chemistry.

[14]  Bing‐Feng Shi,et al.  Palladium-Catalyzed Arylation of Unactivated γ-Methylene C(sp(3) )-H and δ-C-H Bonds with an Oxazoline-Carboxylate Auxiliary. , 2015, Chemistry.

[15]  Guangbin Dong,et al.  Transition metal-catalyzed ketone-directed or mediated C-H functionalization. , 2015, Chemical Society reviews.

[16]  D. Maiti,et al.  Nickel-Catalyzed Insertion of Alkynes and Electron-Deficient Olefins into Unactivated sp(3) C-H Bonds. , 2015, Chemistry.

[17]  C. Li,et al.  Pd-Catalyzed C(sp(3))-H Carbonylation of Alkylamines: A Powerful Route to γ-Lactams and γ-Amino Acids. , 2015, Organic letters.

[18]  Raja K. Rit,et al.  Reusable directing groups [8-aminoquinoline, picolinamide, sulfoximine] in C(sp3)–H bond activation: present and future , 2015 .

[19]  Bing‐Feng Shi,et al.  Stereoselective Synthesis of Chiral β-Fluoro α-Amino Acids via Pd(II)-Catalyzed Fluorination of Unactivated Methylene C(sp(3))-H Bonds: Scope and Mechanistic Studies. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[20]  J. You,et al.  Nickel-Catalyzed Addition-Type Alkenylation of Unactivated, Aliphatic C-H Bonds with Alkynes: A Concise Route to Polysubstituted γ-Butyrolactones. , 2015, Organic letters.

[21]  L. Tran,et al.  Bidentate, monoanionic auxiliary-directed functionalization of carbon-hydrogen bonds. , 2015, Accounts of chemical research.

[22]  jin-quan yu,et al.  Palladium(II)-catalyzed highly enantioselective C-H arylation of cyclopropylmethylamines. , 2015, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[23]  Jie Wu,et al.  Transition metal-catalyzed direct remote C–H functionalization of alkyl groups via C(sp3)–H bond activation , 2015 .

[24]  Bing‐Feng Shi,et al.  Sulfonamide-promoted palladium(II)-catalyzed alkylation of unactivated methylene C(sp3)-H bonds with alkyl iodides. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[25]  Honggen Wang,et al.  Palladium-catalyzed remote C(sp3)-H arylation of 3-pinanamine. , 2014, Organic letters.

[26]  Baiquan Wang,et al.  Rhodium(III)-catalyzed alkenylation reactions of 8-methylquinolines with alkynes by C(sp3)-H activation. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[27]  Zhangjie Shi,et al.  Direct borylation of primary C-H bonds in functionalized molecules by palladium catalysis. , 2014, Angewandte Chemie.

[28]  Xiao Xu,et al.  Time-reversed adapted-perturbation (TRAP) optical focusing onto dynamic objects inside scattering media , 2014, Nature Photonics.

[29]  Bing‐Feng Shi,et al.  Stereoselective synthesis of chiral α-amino-β-lactams through palladium(II)-catalyzed sequential monoarylation/amidation of C(sp(3) )-H bonds. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[30]  Guangbin Dong,et al.  Catalytic direct β-arylation of simple ketones with aryl iodides. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[31]  Mengyang Fan,et al.  Palladium-catalyzed direct functionalization of 2-aminobutanoic acid derivatives: application of a convenient and versatile auxiliary. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[32]  N. Chatani,et al.  Catalytic functionalization of C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H bonds by using bidentate directing groups. , 2013, Angewandte Chemie.

[33]  Yuhong Zhang,et al.  Palladium-catalyzed oxidative acetoxylation of benzylic C-H bond using bidentate auxiliary. , 2013, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[34]  Bing‐Feng Shi,et al.  Pd(II)-catalyzed alkoxylation of unactivated C(sp3)–H and C(sp2)–H bonds using a removable directing group: efficient synthesis of alkyl ethers , 2013 .

[35]  E. T. Nadres,et al.  Scope and limitations of auxiliary-assisted, palladium-catalyzed arylation and alkylation of sp2 and sp3 C-H bonds. , 2013, The Journal of organic chemistry.

[36]  A. Charette,et al.  C-H functionalization of cyclopropanes: a practical approach employing a picolinamide auxiliary. , 2013, Organic letters.

[37]  N. Akhmedov,et al.  1,2,3-Triazoles as versatile directing group for selective sp2 and sp3 C–H activation: cyclization vs substitution , 2013 .

[38]  G. He,et al.  Palladium-catalyzed picolinamide-directed alkylation of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds with alkyl iodides. , 2013, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[39]  J. Carretero,et al.  Palladium-catalyzed N-(2-pyridyl)sulfonyl-directed C(sp3)–H γ-arylation of amino acid derivatives , 2013 .

[40]  R. Jazzar,et al.  Synthesis of aromatic α-aminoesters: palladium-catalyzed long-range arylation of primary C sp 3-H bonds. , 2012, Angewandte Chemie.

[41]  Lei Yang,et al.  Asymmetric catalytic carbon–carbon coupling reactions via C–H bond activation , 2012 .

[42]  G. He,et al.  Efficient alkyl ether synthesis via palladium-catalyzed, picolinamide-directed alkoxylation of unactivated C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H bonds at remote positions. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[43]  E. Clot,et al.  On the mechanism of the palladium-catalyzed β-arylation of ester enolates. , 2012, Chemistry.

[44]  G. He,et al.  Highly efficient syntheses of azetidines, pyrrolidines, and indolines via palladium catalyzed intramolecular amination of C(sp3)-H and C(sp2)-H bonds at γ and δ positions. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[45]  E. T. Nadres,et al.  Heterocycle synthesis via direct C-H/N-H coupling. , 2012, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[46]  O. Baudoin Transition metal-catalyzed arylation of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. , 2011, Chemical Society reviews.

[47]  G. He,et al.  A practical strategy for the structural diversification of aliphatic scaffolds through the palladium-catalyzed picolinamide-directed remote functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bonds. , 2011, Angewandte Chemie.

[48]  Hu Li,et al.  Challenge and progress: palladium-catalyzed sp3 C–H activation , 2011 .

[49]  L. Jean‐Gérard,et al.  Palladium-catalyzed β arylation of carboxylic esters. , 2010, Angewandte Chemie.

[50]  T. Rovis,et al.  Rhodium-catalyzed oxidative cycloaddition of benzamides and alkynes via C-H/N-H activation. , 2010, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[51]  J. Hitce,et al.  Functionalization of organic molecules by transition-metal-catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation. , 2010, Chemistry.

[52]  Melanie S Sanford,et al.  Palladium-catalyzed ligand-directed C-H functionalization reactions. , 2010, Chemical reviews.

[53]  O. Daugulis,et al.  Palladium- and copper-catalyzed arylation of carbon-hydrogen bonds. , 2009, Accounts of chemical research.

[54]  jin-quan yu,et al.  Palladium(II)-catalyzed C-H activation/C-C cross-coupling reactions: versatility and practicality. , 2009, Angewandte Chemie.

[55]  H. Davies,et al.  Catalytic C–H functionalization by metal carbenoid and nitrenoid insertion , 2008, Nature.

[56]  J. Shorter Hammett Memorial Lecture , 2007 .

[57]  Z. Gu,et al.  1,4-migration of rhodium and palladium in catalytic organometallic reactions. , 2005, Angewandte Chemie.

[58]  O. Daugulis,et al.  Highly regioselective arylation of sp3 C-H bonds catalyzed by palladium acetate. , 2005, Journal of the American Chemical Society.

[59]  M. Taniguchi,et al.  Semi-synthesis and biological evaluation of analogues of UK-2A, a novel antifungal antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. 517-02. , 2005, Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters.

[60]  J. Daly,et al.  Highly stereoselective construction of trans(2,3)-cis(2,6)-trisubstituted piperidines: An application to the chiral synthesis of Dendrobates alkaloids , 1997 .

[61]  P. Somfai,et al.  Enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-indolizidines 209B and 209D via a highly efficient aza-[2,3]-wittig rearrangement of vinylaziridines , 1995 .

[62]  Jeffrey I. Seeman,et al.  Effect of conformational change on reactivity in organic chemistry. Evaluations, applications, and extensions of Curtin-Hammett Winstein-Holness kinetics , 1983 .