Theory and application of left-handed metamaterials

by Joe Pacheco, Jr. S.B., Electrical Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2000 M.Eng., Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 2000 Submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY February 2004 c © Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2004. All rights reserved.

[1]  V. Veselago.  The Electrodynamics of Substances with Simultaneously Negative Values of ∊ and μ , 1968 .

[2]  Jin Au Kong,et al.  Guided modes with imaginary transverse wave number in a slab waveguide with negative permittivity and permeability , 2003 .

[3]  A. Grbic,et al.  Experimental verification of backward-wave radiation from a negative refractive index metamaterial , 2002 .

[4]  Electrodynamic properties of simple bodies made of materials with negative permeability and negative permittivity , 2001 .

[5]  Jeffrey L. Young,et al.  A summary and systematic analysis of FDTD algorithms for linearly dispersive media , 2001 .

[6]  John B. Pendry,et al.  TRANSFER MATRIX TECHNIQUES FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES , 1996 .

[7]  J. Pendry,et al.  Magnetism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena , 1999 .

[8]  Jin Au Kong,et al.  A unique lateral displacement of a Gaussian beam transmitted through a slab with negative permittivity and permeability , 2002 .

[9]  R. Mittra,et al.  Design of lightweight, broad-band microwave absorbers using genetic algorithms , 1993 .

[10]  Jin-Fa Lee,et al.  A perfectly matched anisotropic absorber for use as an absorbing boundary condition , 1995 .

[11]  G. Eleftheriades,et al.  Negative refractive index metamaterials supporting 2-D waves , 2002, IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest.

[12]  Jean-Pierre Berenger,et al.  A perfectly matched layer for the absorption of electromagnetic waves , 1994 .

[13]  N. Engheta,et al.  An idea for thin subwavelength cavity resonators using metamaterials with negative permittivity and permeability , 2002, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters.

[14]  Absorption losses in periodic arrays of thin metallic wires. , 2002, Optics letters.

[15]  Claudio G. Parazzoli,et al.  Free-space focused-beam characterization of left-handed materials , 2003 .

[16]  R. W. Zislkowski.  The design of Maxwellian absorbers for numerical boundary conditions and for practical applications using engineered artificial materials , 1997 .

[17]  F. Medina,et al.  Comparative analysis of edge- and broadside- coupled split ring resonators for metamaterial design - theory and experiments , 2003 .

[18]  D. Smith,et al.  Determination of effective permittivity and permeability of metamaterials from reflection and transmission coefficients , 2001, physics/0111203.

[19]  Claudio G. Parazzoli,et al.  Origin of dissipative losses in negative index of refraction materials , 2003 .

[20]  C. Soukoulis,et al.  Numerical studies of left-handed materials and arrays of split ring resonators. , 2001, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[21]  Willie J Padilla,et al.  Composite medium with simultaneously negative permeability and permittivity , 2000, Physical review letters.

[22]  J. Kong,et al.  Power propagation in homogeneous isotropic frequency-dispersive left-handed media. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[23]  R. Ziolkowski.  Design, fabrication, and testing of double negative metamaterials , 2003 .

[24]  W. Chew.  Waves and Fields in Inhomogeneous Media , 1990 .

[25]  J. Kong.  Electromagnetic Wave Theory , 1986 .

[26]  Masaya Notomi,et al.  Theory of light propagation in strongly modulated photonic crystals: Refractionlike behavior in the vicinity of the photonic band gap , 2000 .

[27]  Yahya Rahmat-Samii,et al.  RCS reduction of canonical targets using genetic algorithm synthesized RAM , 2000 .

[28]  Stewart,et al.  Extremely low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructures. , 1996, Physical review letters.

[29]  Weng Cho Chew,et al.  A 3D perfectly matched medium from modified maxwell's equations with stretched coordinates , 1994 .

[30]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  All-angle negative refraction without negative effective index , 2002 .

[31]  D. Schurig,et al.  The asymmetric lossy near-perfect lens , 2002 .

[32]  W. Chew,et al.  Systematic derivation of anisotropic PML absorbing media in cylindrical and spherical coordinates , 1997 .

[33]  R. Greegor,et al.  Experimental verification and simulation of negative index of refraction using Snell's law. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[34]  J. Pendry,et al.  Negative refraction makes a perfect lens , 2000, Physical review letters.

[35]  R. Ziolkowski,et al.  Wave propagation in media having negative permittivity and permeability. , 2001, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[36]  David R. Smith,et al.  Negative refraction of modulated electromagnetic waves , 2002 .

[37]  R. Shelby,et al.  Experimental Verification of a Negative Index of Refraction , 2001, Science.

[38]  Nicholas X. Fang,et al.  Imaging properties of a metamaterial superlens , 2003 .

[39]  Jin Au Kong,et al.  NUMERICAL STUDIES OF LEFT HANDED METAMATERIALS , 2002 .

[40]  R. Ruppin.  Intensity distribution inside scatterers with negative‐real permittivity and permeability , 2003 .

[41]  N Garcia,et al.  Is there an experimental verification of a negative index of refraction yet? , 2002, Optics letters.

[42]  E. M. Lifshitz,et al.  Electrodynamics of continuous media , 1961 .

[43]  Liangbin Hu,et al.  Characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation in uniaxially anisotropic left-handed materials , 2002 .

[44]  Nader Engheta,et al.  A reciprocal phase shifter using novel pseudochiral or ω medium , 1992 .

[45]  Tatsuo Itoh,et al.  Full-wave verification of the fundamental properties of left-handed materials in waveguide configurations , 2001 .

[46]  Bernard Jecko,et al.  Directive photonic-bandgap antennas , 1999 .

[47]  I. Chuang,et al.  Experimental observations of a left-handed material that obeys Snell's law. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[48]  J. Pendry,et al.  Low frequency plasmons in thin-wire structures , 1998 .

[49]  R. Ziolkowski,et al.  Superluminal transmission of information through an electromagnetic metamaterial. , 2001, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[50]  J. Pendry,et al.  Magnetic activity at infrared frequencies in structured metallic photonic crystals , 2002 .

[51]  David R. Smith,et al.  Spatial filtering using media with indefinite permittivity and permeability tensors , 2003 .

[52]  Olivier J. F. Martin,et al.  Efficient isotropic magnetic resonators , 2002 .

[53]  Allen Taflove,et al.  Review of the formulation and applications of the finite-difference time-domain method for numerical modeling of electromagnetic wave interactions with arbitrary structures , 1988 .

[54]  Jin Au Kong,et al.  Lateral displacement of a Gaussian beam reflected from a grounded slab with negative permittivity and permeability , 2002 .

[55]  Dwight L. Jaggard,et al.  Chiroshield: a Salisbury/Dallenbach shield alternative , 1990 .

[56]  Jian-Ming Jin,et al.  Complex coordinate stretching as a generalized absorbing boundary condition , 1997 .

[57]  G. Eleftheriades,et al.  Planar negative refractive index media using periodically L-C loaded transmission lines , 2002 .

[58]  Sailing He,et al.  Frequency range and explicit expressions for negative permittivity and permeability for an isotropic medium formed by a lattice of perfectly conducting /Ω particles , 2003 .

[59]  Olivier J. F. Martin,et al.  Electromagnetic resonances in individual and coupled split-ring resonators , 2002 .

[60]  G. Tayeb,et al.  Anomalous refractive properties of photonic crystals , 2000, Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, image science, and vision.

[61]  D. Sievenpiper,et al.  High-impedance electromagnetic surfaces with a forbidden frequency band , 1999 .

[62]  Yahya Rahmat-Samii,et al.  Electromagnetic Optimization by Genetic Algorithms , 1999 .

[63]  David R. Smith,et al.  Negative refractive index in left-handed materials. , 2000, Physical review letters.

[64]  Gennady Shvets,et al.  Photonic approach to making a material with a negative index of refraction , 2003 .

[65]  D. Smith,et al.  Electromagnetic wave propagation in media with indefinite permittivity and permeability tensors. , 2002, Physical Review Letters.

[66]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  Photonic Crystals: Molding the Flow of Light , 1995 .

[67]  K. Balmain,et al.  Negative‐Refractive‐Index Transmission‐Line Metamaterials , 2005 .

[68]  Francisco Medina,et al.  Role of bianisotropy in negative permeability and left-handed metamaterials , 2002 .

[69]  R M Walser,et al.  Wave refraction in negative-index media: always positive and very inhomogeneous. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[70]  Richard W Ziolkowski,et al.  Causality and double-negative metamaterials. , 2003, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[71]  Ekmel Ozbay,et al.  Photonic crystal-based resonant antenna with a very high directivity , 2000 .

[72]  Alexei A. Maradudin,et al.  Scattering properties of a cylinder fabricated from a left-handed material , 2002 .

[73]  J. Kong,et al.  Cerenkov radiation in materials with negative permittivity and permeability. , 2003, Optics express.

[74]  Nicholas Chako,et al.  Wave propagation and group velocity , 1960 .

[75]  A. L. Pokrovsky,et al.  Electrodynamics of metallic photonic crystals and the problem of left-handed materials. , 2001, Physical review letters.

[76]  G. Tayeb,et al.  A metamaterial for directive emission. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[77]  M K Kärkkäinen.  Numerical study of wave propagation in uniaxially anisotropic Lorentzian backward-wave slabs. , 2003, Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and soft matter physics.

[78]  Jin Au Kong,et al.  ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE INTERACTION WITH STRATIFIED NEGATIVE ISOTROPIC MEDIA , 2002 .

[79]  R. Ruppin.  Extinction properties of a sphere with negative permittivity and permeability , 2000 .

[80]  George V. Eleftheriades,et al.  Growing evanescent waves in negative-refractive-index transmission-line media , 2003 .

[81]  S. Anantha Ramakrishna,et al.  Near-field lenses in two dimensions , 2002 .

[82]  S. Tretyakov,et al.  Theoretical study of waveguiding structures containing backward-wave materials , 2002 .

[83]  David R. Smith,et al.  Negative refraction in indefinite media , 2004 .

[84]  Double negative metamaterial design, experiments, and applications , 2002, IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (IEEE Cat. No.02CH37313).

[85]  David R. Smith,et al.  Microwave transmission through a two-dimensional, isotropic, left-handed metamaterial , 2001 .

[86]  J. Pendry,et al.  Very-low-frequency magnetic plasma , 2002 .

[87]  G Gómez-Santos.  Universal features of the time evolution of evanescent modes in a left-handed perfect lens. , 2003, Physical review letters.

[88]  Sergei A. Tretyakov,et al.  BW media—media with negative parameters, capable of supporting backward waves , 2001 .

[89]  Weng Cho Chew,et al.  PML-FDTD in cylindrical and spherical grids , 1997 .

[90]  N Garcia,et al.  Left-handed materials do not make a perfect lens. , 2002, Physical review letters.

[91]  Negative index of refraction and distributed Bragg reflectors , 2002, physics/0204086.

[92]  David R. Smith,et al.  Direct calculation of permeability and permittivity for a left-handed metamaterial , 2000 .

[93]  A. Taflove.  The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method , 1995 .