Promoting adjustment of the sleep–wake cycle by chronobiotics

Chronobiotics are substances that adjust the timing of internal biological rhythms. Many classes of drugs have been claimed to possess such properties and arouse growing interest as the circumstances for their use in sleep disturbances caused by circadian rhythms alterations (delayed or advanced sleep-phase syndromes, non-24-h sleep-wake disorders, jet lag, shift work sleep disorders and so on) have become progressively more frequent. Amongst the substances potentially presenting chronobiotic properties, a consensus seems to be reached on the possible use of melatonin or its agonists to shift the phase of the human circadian clock, but optimizing the dose, formulation and especially the time of administration require further studies.

[1]  J. Redman,et al.  Free-running activity rhythms in the rat: entrainment by melatonin. , 1983, Science.

[2]  J. Taillard,et al.  Melatonin is able to influence its secretion in humans: description of a phase-response curve. , 1994, Neuroendocrinology.

[3]  J. Arendt,et al.  SYNCHRONISATION OF A DISTURBED SLEEP-WAKE CYCLE IN A BLIND MAN BY MELATONIN TREATMENT , 1988, The Lancet.

[4]  S. Folkard,et al.  Can melatonin improve shift workers' tolerance of the night shift? Some preliminary findings. , 1993, Chronobiology international.

[5]  S. Lockley.  Timed melatonin treatment for delayed sleep phase syndrome: the importance of knowing circadian phase. , 2005, Sleep.

[6]  Debra J. Skene,et al.  The Effects of Low-Dose 0.5-mg Melatonin on the Free-Running Circadian Rhythms of Blind Subjects , 2003, Journal of biological rhythms.

[7]  G. Mayer,et al.  Effects of Vitamin B12 on Performance and Circadian Rhythm in Normal Subjects , 1996, Neuropsychopharmacology.

[8]  S. Honma,et al.  Effects of vitamin B12 on plasma melatonin rhythm in humans: Increased light sensitivity phase-advances the circadian clock? , 1992, Experientia.

[9]  B. Vandermeer,et al.  Efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for secondary sleep disorders and sleep disorders accompanying sleep restriction: meta-analysis , 2006, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[10]  P. Pévet,et al.  Contrary to other non-photic cues, acute melatonin injection does not induce immediate changes of clock gene mrna expression in the rat suprachiasmatic nuclei , 2003, Neuroscience.

[11]  K J Petrie,et al.  Melatonin for the prevention and treatment of jet lag. , 2002, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[12]  H. Nishikawa,et al.  The sleep-promoting action of ramelteon (TAK-375) in freely moving cats. , 2004, Sleep.

[13]  N. Ozaki,et al.  Treatment of persistent sleep-wake schedule disorders in adolescents with methylcobalamin (vitamin B12). , 1991, Sleep.

[14]  D. Dijk,et al.  Melatonin phase-shifts human circadian rhythms with no evidence of changes in the duration of endogenous melatonin secretion or the 24-hour production of reproductive hormones. , 2003, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[15]  R. Gerzer,et al.  CHRONOBIOTIC EFFECTS OF THE MELATONIN AGONIST LY 156735 FOLLOWING A SIMULATED 9H TIME SHIFT: RESULTS OF A PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL , 2002, Chronobiology international.

[16]  A. Samel,et al.  Influence of Melatonin Treatment on Human Circadian Rhythmicity before and after a Simulated 9-Hr Time Shift , 1991, Journal of biological rhythms.

[17]  H. Sei,et al.  Effect of Vitamin B12 on the Sleep-Wake Rhythm Following an 8-Hour Advance of the Light-Dark Cycle in the Rat , 1997, Physiology & Behavior.

[18]  B. Vandermeer,et al.  The efficacy and safety of exogenous melatonin for primary sleep disorders a meta-analysis , 2005, Journal of General Internal Medicine.

[19]  K. Sharkey,et al.  Bright light, dark and melatonin can promote circadian adaptation in night shift workers. , 2002, Sleep medicine reviews.

[20]  F. Turek,et al.  Single injections of triazolam, a short-acting benzodiazepine, lengthen the period of the circadian activity rhythm in golden hamsters , 1989, Experientia.

[21]  K. B. Heijden,et al.  Idiopathic Chronic Sleep Onset Insomnia in Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder , 2005, Chronobiology international.

[22]  K. Sharkey,et al.  Melatonin phase shifts human circadian rhythms in a placebo-controlled simulated night-work study. , 2002, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[23]  A. Lewy,et al.  Melatonin as a Chronobiotic: Treatment of Circadian Desynchrony in Night Workers and the Blind , 1997, Journal of biological rhythms.

[24]  Therapeutic Mechanism in Seasonal Affective Disorder: Do Fluoxetine and Light Operate Through Advancing Circadian Phase? , 2005, Chronobiology international.

[25]  Y. Mizuki,et al.  Vitamin B12 treatment for delayed sleep phase syndrome: A multi‐center double‐blind study , 1997, Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[26]  H. Sei,et al.  Effects of intravenously administered vitamin B12 on sleep in the rat , 1995, Physiology & Behavior.

[27]  P. Pévet,et al.  The chronobiotic properties of melatonin , 2002, Cell and Tissue Research.

[28]  M. Okawa,et al.  Vitamin B12 treatment for sleep-wake rhythm disorders. , 1991, The Japanese journal of psychiatry and neurology.

[29]  H. Nishikawa,et al.  Ramelteon (TAK-375) Accelerates Reentrainment of Circadian Rhythm after a Phase Advance of the Light-Dark Cycle in Rats , 2005, Journal of biological rhythms.

[30]  F. Turek,et al.  A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia phase-shifts the mammalian circadian clock , 1986, Nature.

[31]  F. Turek,et al.  Feeding melatonin enhances the phase shifting response to triazolam in both young and old golden hamsters. , 2002, American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology.

[32]  D. Dawson,et al.  Neurobehavioural performance effects of daytime melatonin and temazepam administration , 2003, Journal of sleep research.

[33]  R. Kronauer,et al.  Bright light induction of strong (type 0) resetting of the human circadian pacemaker. , 1989, Science.

[34]  T. Monk,et al.  Hours of work : temporal factors in work scheduling , 1985 .

[35]  M. Dubocovich,et al.  Phase-dependent treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome with melatonin. , 2005, Sleep.

[36]  M. Menaker,et al.  Effects of diazepam on circadian phase advances and delays , 1986, Brain Research.

[37]  A. Lewy,et al.  Entrainment of free-running circadian rhythms by melatonin in blind people. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[38]  G Belenky,et al.  Triazolam impairs learning and fails to improve sleep in a long-range aerial deployment. , 1989, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[39]  F. Turek,et al.  Administering triazolam on a circadian basis entrains the activity rhythm of hamsters. , 1989, The American journal of physiology.

[40]  M. Miyamoto.  Effect of ramelteon (TAK-375), a selective MT1/MT2 receptor agonist, on motor performance in mice , 2006, Neuroscience Letters.

[41]  G. Kerkhof,et al.  Delayed sleep phase syndrome: A placebo‐controlled cross‐over study on the effects of melatonin administered five hours before the individual dim light melatonin onset , 1998, Journal of sleep research.

[42]  J. Gillin,et al.  Successful treatment of human non-24-hour sleep-wake syndrome. , 1983, Sleep.

[43]  P. Redfern,et al.  A circadian rhythm in passive avoidance behavior: the effect of phase shift and the benzodiazepines. , 1981, Neuropharmacology.

[44]  E. Ur,et al.  Advances in Pineal Research , 1991 .

[45]  Jonathan French,et al.  Resynchronization of hormonal rhythms after an eastbound flight in humans: effects of slow-release caffeine and melatonin , 2001, European Journal of Applied Physiology.

[46]  E. van Cauter,et al.  Effects of the short-acting benzodiazepine triazolam, taken at bedtime, on circadian and sleep-related hormonal profiles in normal men. , 1990, Sleep.

[47]  T. Reilly,et al.  Further Assessments of the Relationship Between Jet Lag and Some of Its Symptoms , 2005, Chronobiology international.

[48]  E. van Cauter,et al.  A benzodiazepine hypnotic facilitates adaptation of circadian rhythms and sleep-wake homeostasis to an eight hour delay shift simulating westward jet lag. , 2000, Sleep.

[49]  A. Lewy,et al.  Melatonin Administration to Blind People: Phase Advances and Entrainment , 1991, Journal of biological rhythms.

[50]  J. Joy.  Combined Effects on the Circadian Clock of Agents with Different Phase Response Curves: Phase-Shifting Effects of Triazolam and Light , 1992, Journal of biological rhythms.

[51]  K. Sharkey,et al.  Effects of melatonin administration on daytime sleep after simulated night shift work , 2001, Journal of sleep research.

[52]  D. Greenblatt,et al.  The International Classification of Sleep Disorders , 1992 .

[53]  S. Folkard,et al.  Some effects of jet-lag and their alleviation by melatonin , 1987 .

[54]  D. Skene,et al.  Efficacy of Melatonin Treatment in Jet Lag, Shift Work, and Blindness , 1997, Journal of biological rhythms.

[55]  P. Zee,et al.  Monoamine depletion blocks triazolam-induced phase advances of the circadian clock in hamsters , 1994, Brain Research.

[56]  R. Steffen,et al.  Effectiveness and tolerability of melatonin and zolpidem for the alleviation of jet lag. , 2001, Aviation, space, and environmental medicine.

[57]  Y. Dagan,et al.  Case study: psychiatric misdiagnosis of non-24-hours sleep-wake schedule disorder resolved by melatonin. , 2005, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry.

[58]  J. Doljansky,et al.  Working Under Daylight Intensity Lamp: An Occupational Risk for Developing Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder? , 2005, Chronobiology international.

[59]  D. Cardinali,et al.  Clinical Perspectives for the Use of Melatonin as a Chronobiotic and Cytoprotective Agent , 2005, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.

[60]  A. Wirz-Justice,et al.  Role of Melatonin in the Regulation of Human Circadian Rhythms and Sleep , 2003, Journal of neuroendocrinology.

[61]  Chronobiology : principles and applications to shifts in schedules , 1980 .

[62]  H. Nishikawa,et al.  Effects of ramelteon (TAK-375) on nocturnal sleep in freely moving monkeys , 2004, Brain Research.

[63]  C. Eastman,et al.  Advancing human circadian rhythms with afternoon melatonin and morning intermittent bright light. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[64]  C. Shapiro,et al.  A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of the Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome , 2001, Psychosomatic medicine.

[65]  F. Turek,et al.  Chronobiotic effects of gepirone, a potential antidepressant with 5HT1A receptor partial agonist properties. , 1999, Behavioural pharmacology.

[66]  C. Ehret,et al.  Chronotypic action of theophylline and of pentobarbital as circadian zeitgebers in the rat. , 1975, Science.

[67]  Y. Dagan,et al.  Evaluating the role of melatonin in the long-term treatment of delayed sleep phase syndrome (DSPS). , 1998, Chronobiology international.

[68]  J. C. Zimmerman,et al.  Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome: A Chronobiological Disorder With Sleep-Onset Insomnia , 1981 .

[69]  J. Koolhaas,et al.  S20098 AFFECTS THE FREE-RUNNING RHYTHMS OF BODY TEMPERATURE AND ACTIVITY AND DECREASES LIGHT-INDUCED PHASE DELAYS OF CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS OF THE RAT , 2001, Chronobiology international.

[70]  J. Emens,et al.  Melatonin Entrains Free‐running Blind People According to a Physiological Dose‐response Curve , 2005, Chronobiology international.

[71]  A. Wirz-Justice,et al.  No evidence for a phase delay in human circadian rhythms after a single morning melatonin administration , 2002, Journal of pineal research.

[72]  J. Parkes,et al.  Delayed sleep phase syndrome response to melatonin , 1991, The Lancet.

[73]  K. Hayashida,et al.  Melatonin alleviates jet lag symptoms caused by an 11‐hour eastward flight , 2002, Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences.

[74]  M. Menaker,et al.  GABA regulation of circadian responses to light. I. Involvement of GABAA-benzodiazepine and GABAB receptors , 1989, The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience.

[75]  Josephine Arendt,et al.  Melatonin as a chronobiotic. , 2005, Sleep medicine reviews.

[76]  F. Turek,et al.  Dose response curve for the phase-shifting effect of triazolam on the mammalian circadian clock. , 1987, Life sciences.

[77]  A. Daurat,et al.  Effects of zopiclone on the rest/activity rhythm after a westward flight across five time zones , 2000, Psychopharmacology.

[78]  J. Arendt,et al.  Alleviation of jet lag by melatonin: preliminary results of controlled double blind trial. , 1986, British medical journal.