Correlation Between Ionized Calcium and Serum Albumin Level and in Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome in Children

Introduction Nephrotic syndrome is a clinical condition and biochemical abnormalities characterized by massive proteinuria, hypoalbu minemia, and hyperlipidemia and generalized edema. It is a chronic disorder, characterized by alterations of permeability at the glomerular capillary wall, resulting in its inability to restrict the urinary loss of protein. Nephrotic range proteinuria is defined as proteinuria exceeding 1000 mg/M2/per day or spot urinary protein to creatinine ratio exceeding 2. The proteinuria in childhood nephrotic syndrome is relatively selective, constitute primarily by albumin [1]. The decreased albumin level in nephrotic syndrome children is due to damaged glomerular filtration membrane in the renal cortex. Consequently, the negative charge on the glomerular capillary endothelium is lost. Furthermore the nature of size-selectivity in the glomerular capillary endothelium becomes disrupted [2].