Fluorescent dyes specific for quadruplex DNA.

Fluorescent dyes which are specific for duplex DNA have found a wide range of applications from staining gels to visualization of chromosomes. Porphyrin dyes have been found which are highly fluorescent in the presence of quadruplex but not duplex DNA. These dyes may offer a route to the specific detection of quadruplex DNA under biologically important conditions. There are three types of DNA quadruplex structures, and these may play important roles in telomere, centromere, triplet repeat, integration sites and other DNAs, and this first set of porphyrin dyes show some selectivity between the quadruplex types.

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