Chaotic streamlines in pre-turbulent states

Various patterns arise in hydrodynamic systems during the approach to turbulence. Under a wide range of conditions, these patterns have a symmetry typical of crystals or quasicrystals. Pattern elements (cells) are divided by thin layers which form a web, within which the streamlines are chaotic. The web represents channels along which particle transport occurs in lattice structures that are associated with dynamical chaos.

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