Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities and Bioactive Compounds of Different Extracts Related to Syrian Traditional Products of Damask Rose (Rosa damascena)

Rosa damascena or Damask rose is an aromatic shrub-like plant which has been originated from Damascus region. This flower has been used in traditional medicine and traditional cuisine for centuries. Different extracts have been prepared from its flowers as essential oils, rose water or jams. Very recently, UNESCO has inscribed the element of the Damascus rose or Rosa damascena and associated heritage practices and craftsmanship on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity list for its importance in making essential oils which can be used in traditional medicine. In this study, our team compared the effectiveness of different extracts of bioactive compounds related to traditional products and compared different products which are known to be effective in reducing bacterial loads. The results showed that the traditional Syrian traditional mixture of Damask rose jam with honey and Propolis was effective for most of the studied pathogens. It was followed by black seeds honey, which was effective against bacteria, followed by the second generation antibiotics. Thus, the Syrian traditional mixture of Damask rose jam with honey and Propolis can be considered as an antibacterial and as a functional food (healthy food) which is rich in vitamins (vitamin C and some vitamins B and D), and minerals (iron, calcium) and other minerals. In addition, this product is rich in antioxidants, and this confirms what was stated in ancient Arabic manuscripts about the importance of this Syrian traditional mixture in treatment of many diseases.