Measurement of Blood Pressure and Heart Beat Based on Sensors and Microcontrollers

As heart related diseases are increasing over days, a mandatory need for an accurate, affordable heart rate and blood pressure measurement is essentially required now a day. This paper illustrates the simulation of two devices used to measure the heart rate and the blood pressure. The two proposed designs are built using different type of sensors and the generated results are compared to those of the (HEM-907XL) device from OMRON company. The first proposed design is constructed using either infrared (IR) sensor or light dependent resistance (LDR) to measure the heart rate. On the other hand, the second design is constructed using either a group of strain gauge sensors, or a group of piezoelectric sensors to measure the blood pressure. One hundred human subjects of different ages between 25 and 70 years old are used to test both designs. The two designs are implemented using microcontroller (ATMEGA 16); for it is lower cost and high efficiency. A comprehensive study is conducted on the results using statistical analysis to verify the validity of both designs.

[1]  Tomasz Kocejko,et al.  Proceedings of the Federated Conference on Computer Science and Information Systems pp. 405–410 ISBN 978-83-60810-22-4 Measuring Pulse Rate with a Webcam – a Non-contact Method for Evaluating Cardiac Activity , 2022 .

[2]  Yutaka Imai,et al.  Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring of the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol for validation of blood pressure measuring devices in adults , 2002, Blood pressure monitoring.

[3]  Eoin O'Brien,et al.  Validation of the ROSSMAX blood pressure measuring monitor according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol for Validation of Blood Pressure Measuring Devices in Adults , 2003, Blood pressure monitoring.

[4]  J. Strackee,et al.  Relationships between short-term blood-pressure fluctuations and heart-rate variability in resting subjects I: a spectral analysis approach , 1985, Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing.

[5]  Paul F. Stetson,et al.  Determining heart rate from noisy pulse oximeter signals using fuzzy logic , 2003, The 12th IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems, 2003. FUZZ '03..

[6]  Y. Mendelson,et al.  Extracting heart rate variability from a wearable reflectance pulse oximeter , 2005, Proceedings of the IEEE 31st Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference, 2005..

[7]  Eoin O'Brien,et al.  European Society of Hypertension International Protocol for the validation of blood pressure monitors: a critical review of its application and rationale for revision , 2010, Blood pressure monitoring.

[8]  Soo-young Ye,et al.  Relation between heart rate variability and pulse transit time according to anesthetic concentration , 2010, 5th International Conference on Computer Sciences and Convergence Information Technology.

[9]  C. Small,et al.  Survey of automated noninvasive blood pressure monitors. , 1994, Journal of clinical engineering.

[10]  M. Nitzan,et al.  Automatic noninvasive measurement of arterial blood pressure , 2011, IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine.

[11]  Robert P Patterson,et al.  RR and R wave to finger pulse interval changes as a function of respiration rate and body position using VCRS , 1997, Proceedings of the 19th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. 'Magnificent Milestones and Emerging Opportunities in Medical Engineering' (Cat. No.97CH36136).

[12]  M. M. A. Hashem,et al.  Design and development of a heart rate measuring device using fingertip , 2010, International Conference on Computer and Communication Engineering (ICCCE'10).