Palbociclib in Metastatic Breast Cancer

The mainstay treatment for hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer focuses on varying methods to reduce estrogen receptor signaling. Unfortunately, resistance to such therapies ultimately develops. The search for mechanisms of resistance to hormonal therapy has focused primarily on growth factor pathways and networks, while pathways involving cell cycle regulation seemed less influential. However, it is well known that the dysregulation of the cell cycle plays a role in oncogenesis. Cyclindependent kinases (CDKs) have been shown to play a role in the growth of estrogen positive breast cancer, in particular CDK 4 and 6, which promote progression from the G1 to S phase of the cell cycle. The recent approval of palbociclib, a specific inhibitor of CDK 4/6, for estrogen-receptor positive human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer has added an important tool to the available treatment armamentarium. We will focus this review on palbociclib, the first CDK 4/6 inhibitor to receive regulatory approval, and we will also provide an overview of the other CDK 4/6 in

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