Boundary conditions for Maxwell solvers

which is solved in implicit plasma simulations. Compared with the standard Helmholtz equation [4, p68], (c∆t/2) replaces −(c/ω), and Eq. 1 is solved each time step (instead of for each value of ω) for E with S given. The source term, S, is neither divergence nor curl-free in general. Specifically, we ask under what conditions charge conservation is satisfied. Namely, do numerical solutions of Eq. 1 satisfy Poisson’s equation,