Cervical cancer: the sub-Saharan African perspective

Abstract Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the leading cause of cancer deaths in developing countries. While incidence and mortality rates of cervical cancer have fallen significantly in developed countries, 83% of all new cases that occur annually and 85% of all deaths from the disease occur in developing countries. Cervical cancer is the most common cancer among women in sub-Saharan Africa. The incidence is on the increase in some countries. Knowledge and awareness of this disease on the continent are very poor and mortality still very high. Facilities for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer are still very inadequate in many countries in the region. Governments in sub-Saharan Africa must recognise cervical cancer as a major public health concern and allocate appropriate resources for its prevention and treatment, and for research. Indeed, cervical cancer in this region must be accorded the same priority as HIV, malaria, tuberculosis and childhood immunisations. Résumé Le cancer du col de l’utérus est le deuxième cancer féminin le plus fréquent dans le monde et la principale cause de décès par cancer dans les pays en développement. Si ses taux d’incidence et de mortalité ont reculé sensiblement dans les pays développés, 83% des nouveaux cas qui se déclarent chaque année et 85% des décès dus à la maladie se produisent dans les pays en développement. Le cancer du col de l’utérus est la forme de cancer la plus fréquente chez les femmes en Afrique subsaharienne. Dans certains pays, son incidence augmente. La connaissance de la maladie sur le continent est très médiocre et la mortalité demeure très élevée. Les équipements de prévention et de traitement du cancer du col de l’utérus sont encore nettement insuffisants dans beaucoup de pays de la région. Les gouvernements d’Afrique subsaharienne doivent comprendre qu’il s’agit d’un problème majeur de santé publique et allouer assez de ressources pour sa prévention et son traitement, ainsi que pour la recherche. En fait, le cancer du col de l’utérus doit recevoir dans la région la même priorité que le VIH, le paludisme, la tuberculose et la vaccination des enfants. Resumen El cáncer cervical es el segundo cáncer más común en las mujeres mundialmente y la causa principal de muertes por cáncer en los países en desarrollo. Aunque la incidencia y las tasas de mortalidad por cáncer cervical han disminuido considerablemente en los países desarrollados, el 83% de todos los casos nuevos que ocurren anualmente y el 85% de todas las muertes atribuibles a esta enfermedad ocurren en países en desarrollo. El cáncer cervical es el cáncer más común entre las mujeres de Ãfrica subsahariana. Su incidencia está en alza en algunos países. Existe muy poco conocimiento y conciencia de esta enfermedad en el continente, y la tasa de mortalidad continúa siendo muy alta. En muchos países de la región, los establecimientos para la prevención y el tratamiento del cáncer cervical aún son muy inadecuados. Los gobiernos de Ãfrica subsahariana deben reconocer al cáncer cervical como un grave problema de salud pública y alocar los recursos necesarios para su prevención, tratamiento e investigación. Es más, en esta región se le debe dar la misma prioridad al cáncer cervical que al VIH, malaria, tuberculosis e inmunizaciones de niños.

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