Open-Channel Flow Through Simulated Vegetation: Turbulence Modeling and Sediment Transport.

Abstract : The two equation turbulence model based on the k-epsilon closure scheme was developed to simulate the flow and turbulence characteristics of open-channel flows through nonemergent vegetation. Once the performance of the model was verified, the flow structure of vegetated open channels was numerically simulated. Simulated rigid and flexible plants were used to validate the model. Finally, dimensional analysis allowed identification of the dimensionless parameters that govern suspended sediment transport processes in the presence of vegetation, and thus helped in the design of numerical experiments to investigate the role of different flow properties, sediment characteristics, and vegetation parameters upon the transport capacity.

[1]  N. Wilson,et al.  A Higher Order Closure Model for Canopy Flow , 1977 .

[2]  Nicholas Kouwen,et al.  BIOMECHANICS OF VEGETATIVE CHANNEL LININGS , 1980 .

[3]  A. Thom,et al.  Turbulence in and above Plant Canopies , 1981 .

[4]  D. Spalding,et al.  Heat and Mass Transfer in Boundary Layers. 2nd edition. By S. V. PATANKAR and D. B. SPALDING. Intertext Books, 1970. 255 pp. £6. , 1971, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[5]  Ernest W. Tollner,et al.  Sedimentology of Erect Vegetal Filters , 1982 .

[6]  M. Raupach,et al.  Averaging procedures for flow within vegetation canopies , 1982 .

[7]  W. Rodi.  A new algebraic relation for calculating the Reynolds stresses , 1976 .

[8]  A. Monin,et al.  Statistical fluid mechanics: Mechanics of turbulence. Volume 2 /revised and enlarged edition/ , 1975 .

[9]  Neil L. Coleman,et al.  VELOCITY PROFILES WITH SUSPENDED SEDIMENT , 1981 .

[10]  J. Happel,et al.  Low Reynolds number hydrodynamics , 1965 .

[11]  K. Stolzenbach,et al.  Free surface flow through salt marsh grass , 1983 .

[12]  Walter Tollmien,et al.  Über ein neues Formelsystem für die ausgebildete Turbulenz , 1961 .

[13]  G. Parker.  Self-formed straight rivers with equilibrium banks and mobile bed. Part 1. The sand-silt river , 1978, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[14]  Wolfgang Rodi,et al.  Modeling Suspended Sediment Transport in Nonequilibrium Situations , 1988 .

[15]  S. Corrsin.  Limitations of Gradient Transport Models in Random Walks and in Turbulence , 1975 .

[16]  R. Kadlec.  Overland flow in wetlands: vegetation resistance. , 1990 .

[17]  M. S. Uberoi.  Equipartition of Energy and Local Isotropy in Turbulent Flows , 1957 .

[18]  Fabian Lopez.  Open-Channel Flow With Roughness Elements of Different Spanwise Aspect Ratios: Turbulence Structure and Numerical Modeling , 1997 .

[19]  H. Einstein,et al.  The Bed-Load Function for Sediment Transportation in Open Channel Flows , 1950 .

[20]  李幼升,et al.  Ph , 1989 .

[21]  W. O. Ree,et al.  Flow of Water in Channels Protected by Vegetative Linings , 1949 .

[22]  W. Dietrich.  Settling velocity of natural particles , 1982 .

[23]  J. R. Ockendon,et al.  SIMILARITY, SELF‐SIMILARITY AND INTERMEDIATE ASYMPTOTICS , 1980 .

[24]  Marcelo Horacio Garcia,et al.  Entrainment of Bed Sediment into Suspension , 1991 .

[25]  H. Schlichting.  Boundary Layer Theory , 1955 .

[26]  J. Rotta,et al.  Statistische Theorie nichthomogener Turbulenz , 1951 .

[27]  U. Piomelli.  Large-Eddy Simulation of turbulent flows , 1998 .

[28]  Ruh-Ming Li,et al.  EFFECT OF TALL VEGETATIONS ON FLOW AND SEDIMENT , 1973 .

[29]  W. Mccomb,et al.  The physics of fluid turbulence. , 1990 .

[30]  J. C. Rotta,et al.  Turbulent boundary layers in incompressible flow , 1962 .

[31]  F. Clauser.  The Structure of Turbulent Shear Flow , 1957, Nature.

[32]  Vito A. Vanoni,et al.  Transportation of Suspended Sediment by Water , 1946 .

[33]  B. Launder,et al.  Progress in the development of a Reynolds-stress turbulence closure , 1975, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[34]  R. Reid,et al.  Wind-Driven Flow of Water Influenced by a Canopy , 1976 .

[35]  M. Selim Yalin,et al.  Mechanics of sediment transport , 1972 .

[36]  K. Chien,et al.  Predictions of Channel and Boundary-Layer Flows with a Low-Reynolds-Number Turbulence Model , 1982 .

[37]  W. Graf.  Hydraulics of Sediment Transport , 1984 .

[38]  Iehisa Nezu,et al.  Turbulence in open-channel flows , 1993 .

[39]  Nicholas Kouwen,et al.  Flow Retardance in Vegetated Channels , 1969 .

[40]  Ron F. Blackwelder,et al.  Time Scales and Correlations in a Turbulent Boundary Layer , 1972 .

[41]  W. Rodi,et al.  Open‐channel Flow Measurements with a Laser Doppler Anemometer , 1986 .

[42]  Iehisa Nezu,et al.  Turbulent structure in open-channel flows , 1977 .

[43]  V. T. Chow,et al.  Advances in hydroscience , 1964 .

[44]  W. Jones,et al.  The prediction of laminarization with a two-equation model of turbulence , 1972 .

[45]  V. R. Schneider,et al.  GUIDE FOR SELECTING MANNING'S ROUGHNESS COEFFICIENTS FOR NATURAL CHANNELS AND FLOOD PLAINS , 1989 .

[46]  P. Moin,et al.  Turbulence statistics in fully developed channel flow at low Reynolds number , 1987, Journal of Fluid Mechanics.

[47]  M. Raupach,et al.  Experiments on scalar dispersion within a model plant canopy part I: The turbulence structure , 1986 .

[48]  Nicholas Kouwen,et al.  FLEXIBLE ROUGHNESS IN OPEN CHANNELS , 1973 .

[49]  G. I. Barenblatt,et al.  Local Structure of Mature Dust Storms , 1974 .

[50]  H. Rouse,et al.  Modern conceptions of the mechanics of turbulence , 1937 .

[51]  S. Petryk,et al.  Analysis of Flow through Vegetation , 1975 .