3D Joint Estimation of Position and Velocity for a Moving Target in Multistatic Radar System by VHC-2WLS Algorithm

In this letter, a three-dimensional (3D) joint estimation algorithm which is the variable-step hill-climbing algorithm based on two-step weighted least squares (VHC-2WLS) is proposed. The VHC-2WLS combines bistatic range (BR), time difference of arrival (TDOA) and Doppler shift (DS) to improve the estimation accuracy of the position and velocity of a moving target in the multistatic radar system (MRS). First, the position of a moving target is estimated by utilizing two-step weighted least squares (2WLS) method. Second, the estimated position from the first step is optimized by variable-step hill-climbing (VHC) method. Finally, the velocity is calculated through the optimized position value from the second step and least squares (LS) approach. The proposed method is corroborated by simulations to be able to reach the Cramer–Rao lower bound (CRLB) accuracy under mild noise conditions. Numerical simulations demonstrate the superiority in the estimation accuracy of the proposed algorithm over state-of-the-art methods.