Review of position-sensorless operation of brushless permanent-magnet machines

The operation of a brushless permanent-magnet machine requires rotor-position information, which is used to control the frequency and phase angle of the machine's winding currents. Sensorless techniques for estimating rotor position from measurements of voltage and current have been the subject of intensive research. This paper reviews the state of the art in these sensorless techniques, which are broadly classified into three types: motional electromotive force, inductance, and flux linkage.

[1]  Hamid A. Toliyat,et al.  Position sensorless control of surface mount permanent magnet AC (PMAC) motors at low speeds , 1999, APEC '99. Fourteenth Annual Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. 1999 Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.99CH36285).

[2]  M. Ehsani,et al.  A novel position sensor elimination technique for the interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive , 1989, Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting,.

[3]  Jorge A. Solsona,et al.  A nonlinear reduced order observer for permanent magnet synchronous motors , 1994, Proceedings of IECON'94 - 20th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics.

[4]  Jung-Ik Ha,et al.  Sensorless rotor position estimation of an interior permanent-magnet motor from initial states , 2003 .

[5]  Barrie Mecrow,et al.  Sensorless operation of a fault tolerant PM drive , 2003 .

[6]  Bin Wu,et al.  New integration algorithms for estimating motor flux over a wide speed range , 1997 .

[7]  In-Joong Ha,et al.  Low-cost sensorless control of brushless DC motors using a frequency-independent phase shifter , 2000 .

[8]  T.A. Nondahl,et al.  A permanent magnet rotor containing an electrical winding to improve detection of motor angular position , 1998, Conference Record of 1998 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.98CH36242).

[9]  K. Matsuse,et al.  Position sensorless starting method and driving characteristics of closed-slot small permanent magnet motor , 2002, Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344).

[10]  J. Shen,et al.  Analyses and Compensation of Rotor Position Detection Error in Sensorless PM Brushless DC Motor Drives , 2002, IEEE Power Engineering Review.

[11]  Jeffrey H. Lang,et al.  A State Observer For The Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motor , 1987, Other Conferences.

[12]  Nesimi Ertugrul,et al.  A new algorithm for sensorless operation of permanent magnet motors , 1992, Conference Record of the 1992 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[13]  G. D. Andreescu.  Adaptive Observer for Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives , 2002 .

[14]  Li Ying,et al.  A novel, robust DSP-based indirect rotor position estimation for permanent magnet AC motors without rotor saliency , 2003 .

[15]  Kenichi Iizuka,et al.  Microcomputer Control for Sensorless Brushless Motor , 1985, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[16]  S. Shinnaka.  New "mirror-phase vector control" for sensorless drive of permanent-magnet synchronous motor with pole saliency , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[17]  Md. Enamul Haque,et al.  A sensorless initial rotor position estimation scheme for a direct torque controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive , 2003 .

[18]  Thomas M. Jahns,et al.  A novel method for initial rotor position estimation for IPM synchronous machine drives , 2003 .

[19]  Jianwen Shao,et al.  A novel sensorless brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive for automotive fuel pumps , 2002, Power Electronics in Transportation, 2002.

[20]  Hung-Chi Chen,et al.  Current-mode control for sensorless BDCM drive with intelligent commutation tuning , 2002 .

[21]  C. French,et al.  Control of permanent magnet motor drives using a new position estimation technique , 1996 .

[22]  In-Joong Ha,et al.  An online identification method for both stator resistance and back-EMF coefficient of PMSMs without rotational transducers , 2004, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[23]  Kwang Y. Lee,et al.  Slotless permanent magnet synchronous motor operation without a high resolution rotor angle sensor , 2000 .

[24]  F. Meibody-Tabar,et al.  Mechanical sensorless control of PMSM with on-line estimation of stator resistance , 2002, Conference Record of the 2002 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. 37th IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.02CH37344).

[25]  R. D. Lorenz,et al.  Rotor position and velocity estimation for a salient-pole permanent magnet synchronous machine at standstill and high speeds , 1998 .

[26]  R. Wu,et al.  A permanent magnet motor drive without a shaft sensor , 1990, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[27]  Toshihiko Noguchi,et al.  Initial rotor position estimation method of sensorless PM synchronous motor with no sensitivity to armature resistance , 1998, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[28]  K. Y. Cho,et al.  Sensorless control of a PM synchronous motor for direct drive washer without rotor position sensors , 2004 .

[29]  P. Pillay,et al.  Application characteristics of permanent magnet synchronous and brushless DC motors for servo drives , 1991 .

[30]  V. Blasko,et al.  Position estimation in salient PM synchronous motors based on PWM excitation transients , 2003 .

[31]  Carlos H. Muravchik,et al.  On speed and rotor position estimation in permanent-magnet AC drives , 2000, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[32]  Shigeo Morimoto,et al.  Position and Speed Sensorless Control for IPMSM Based on Estimation of Position Error , 2002 .

[33]  Yen-Shin Lai,et al.  New initial position detection technique for three-phase brushless DC motor without position and current sensors , 2002 .

[34]  J.P.M. Bahlmann.  A full-wave motor drive IC based on the back-EMF sensing principle , 1989 .

[35]  Toshio Tsuji,et al.  A sensorless drive system for brushless DC motors using a digital phase-locked loop , 2003 .

[36]  S. Ostlund,et al.  Sensorless rotor-position detection from zero to rated speed for an integrated PM synchronous motor drive , 1996 .

[37]  Kwang Y. Lee,et al.  An approach to sensorless operation of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor using diagonally recurrent neural networks , 2003 .

[38]  S. Sul,et al.  Sensorless drive of surface-mounted permanent-magnet motor by high-frequency signal injection based on magnetic saliency , 2003 .

[39]  Silverio Bolognani,et al.  Extended Kalman filter tuning in sensorless PMSM drives , 2002, Proceedings of the Power Conversion Conference-Osaka 2002 (Cat. No.02TH8579).

[40]  Hans-Peter Nee,et al.  A general algorithm for speed and position estimation of AC motors , 2000, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[41]  M. Jadric,et al.  Design and implementation of the extended Kalman filter for the speed and rotor position estimation of brushless DC motor , 2001, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[42]  I. Miki,et al.  Sensorless initial rotor position estimation of surface permanent-magnet synchronous motor , 2000 .

[43]  Shigeru Okuma,et al.  An extended electromotive force model for sensorless control of interior permanent-magnet synchronous motors , 2003, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[44]  Hirofumi Akagi,et al.  A position-sensorless IPM motor drive system using a position estimation based on magnetic saliency , 2000 .

[45]  J.H. Lang,et al.  Real-time observer-based (adaptive) control of a permanent-magnet synchronous motor without mechanical sensors , 1991, Conference Record of the 1991 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[46]  Z.Q. Zhu,et al.  Sensorless flux-weakening control of permanent-magnet brushless machines using third harmonic back EMF , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[47]  P. Hartas,et al.  A Novel Permanent Magnet DC Motor and Sensorless Electrical Drive System , 2001 .

[48]  N. Matsui,et al.  Brushless DC motor control without position and speed sensors , 1990, Conference Record of the 1990 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting.

[49]  Nobuyuki Matsui,et al.  Sensorless salient‐pole PM synchronous motor drive in all speed ranges , 2001 .

[50]  Kuang-Yao Cheng,et al.  Design of a sensorless commutation IC for BLDC motors , 2003 .

[51]  Toshihiko Noguchi,et al.  Mechanical-sensorless permanent-magnet motor drive using relative phase information of harmonic currents caused by frequency-modulated three-phase PWM carriers , 2003 .

[52]  Shinji Doki,et al.  Sensorless Controls of Salient-Pole Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using Extended Electromotive Force Models , 2002 .

[53]  Tian-Hua Liu,et al.  Design and implementation of a matrix converter PMSM drive without a shaft sensor , 2003 .

[54]  Krit Choeisai,et al.  Walsh function‐based position sensorless control for interior permanent magnet motor drives using ripple‐current of high‐frequency triangular‐wave‐carrier PWM inverter , 2003 .

[55]  J. C. Moreira,et al.  Indirect sensing for rotor flux position of permanent magnet AC motors operating over a wide speed range , 1994 .

[56]  A. Toba,et al.  Sensorless torque control of salient-pole synchronous motor at zero-speed operation , 1999 .

[57]  Marco Tursini,et al.  Initial rotor position estimation method for PM motors , 2000, Conference Record of the 2000 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Fifth IAS Annual Meeting and World Conference on Industrial Applications of Electrical Energy (Cat. No.00CH37129).

[58]  Gunhee Jang,et al.  Position detection and start-up algorithm of a rotor in a sensorless BLDC motor utilising inductance variation , 2002 .

[59]  E. Robeischl,et al.  Optimized INFORM measurement sequence for sensorless PM synchronous motor drives with respect to minimum current distortion , 2002, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[60]  Jung-Ik Ha,et al.  Analysis of permanent magnet machine for sensorless control based on high frequency signal injection , 2003 .

[61]  Gui-Jia Su,et al.  Low-cost sensorless control of brushless DC motors with improved speed range , 2004, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[62]  Shinji Doki,et al.  Sensorless rotor position estimation at standstill of cylindrical brushless dc motors using opened phase voltage change caused by eddy currents , 1999 .

[63]  Nobuyuki Matsui,et al.  Sensorless PM brushless DC motor drives , 1996, IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron..

[64]  A. G. Jack,et al.  Analysis and simulation of the high-speed torque performance of brushless DC motor drives , 1995 .