Electrical pH control in aqueous solutions

This paper describes a method and instrumentation for electrical pH control in aqueous solutions. It is targeted to environmental and industrial on-line chemical and optic fiber sensors measurement, calibration and process control. The method is an alternative to the existing automatic pH controllers based on correction chemical addition. The on- line measurement of dissolved gaseous species which produce acidic and basic waters is of great concern for environmental monitoring applications. Such measurements are maintained by using preconditioned water samples and ion- selective electrodes or absorption spectrometry. A gas- permeable membrane can be used to allow only the transport of the molecular form of the measured species where the solution pH is controlled to ensure the reversible transition of the species of interest from ionic to molecular form and to allow their permeation through the membrane. An electrochemical instrument for electrolysis- based feedback controlled pH regulation has been attempted. The choice of galvanostatic, potentiostatic and combined methods of modulation electrodes biasing with their speed, settling time and accuracy are discussed. Different feedback control approaches, involving electrochemical and optical sensors, are compared.