Imaging Atomic Structure and Dynamics with Ultrafast X-ray Scattering

Measuring atomic-resolution images of materials with x-ray photons during chemical reactions or physical transformations resides at the technological forefront of x-ray science. New x-ray–based experimental capabilities have been closely linked with advances in x-ray sources, a trend that will continue with the impending arrival of x-ray–free electron lasers driven by electron accelerators. We discuss recent advances in ultrafast x-ray science and coherent imaging made possible by linear-accelerator–based light sources. These studies highlight the promise of ultrafast x-ray lasers, as well as the technical challenges and potential range of applications that will accompany these transformative x-ray light sources.

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