Motivational theories and their application in construction

Motivation is a factor that significantly influences productivity. A higher level of motivation can result in higher productivity. This article explains different motivational theories, addressing how one can improve labor productivity with the application of these theories. The theories discussed in this article are: Cussin's approach or management by threat which gives an overview of the construction labor management history and was common for managing construction labor in 1950s. Maslow's theory or Maslow's hierarchy of needs discusses the needs of the individuals to be motivated for higher productivity. McGregor's two theories (theory X and theory Y) touches on two totally different perceptions of labor and their related management styles for guiding human energy. Expectancy theory deals with human expectations after making efforts. Herzberg's theory looks to be an extension of Maslow's hierarchy of needs and expectancy theory. Wherever possible examples are presented to show where an intentional or unintentional use of motivation theories has led to improvement in productivity. With the help of these theories one can learn how to motivate construction crews for higher productivity. Besides better management practices in all levels of organizations playing important role, this article will also discusses the role of construction managers and construction management in terms of helping to motivate better productivity.