When ac power is applied, an electromechanical transducer can exert a mechanical force to the tested structure because of the electromechanical interaction. Once this interaction is characterized, the output mechanical variables can be indirectly evaluated by measuring the input electrical variables. In other words, the transducer performs as a sensing cum actuating (SCA) device. In this paper, the SCA performance of a cantilever with a PZT patch bonded to it is studied. The relationship between the input voltage and current and the output force and velocity of the SCA cantilever is first modeled by a 2 by 2 transduction matrix, of which each of the 4 elements is a transfer function between an input and an output variable. Since this transduction matrix provides a well-defined relationship between the mechanical impedance at the output port and the electrical impedance at the input port of the SCA device, the former can be indirectly detected via measuring the later. For the cantilever SCA, analytical derivation of transduction matrix is given in detail. Furthermore, two alternative methods for determining the transduction matrix are presented to overcome the commonly met experimental difficulties. The induced errors are analyzed by numerical examples.
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