Morphological families in the internal lexicon

versus concrete. Raters were asked to categorize stimulus words as either abstract or concrete. Object names (e.g., corpse, star) and other highly imageable words that could be taken as nouns (e.g., dent, rash) were rated as concrete. Other words (e.g., success, teach, guilt) were rated as abstract. Frequency of stem compared to its relatives. Stems were coded as either (a) higher in frequency than any other family member, or (b) having at least one relative of higher frequency than the stem. Frequency in oral language. Stems were coded as (a) occurring more frequently in written than in oral language, (b) occurring in both written and oral language with approximately the same frequency, or (c) occurring more frequently in oral than in written lan-

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