GWAS meta-analysis of 16 852 women identifies new susceptibility locus for endometrial cancer.

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological malignancy in the developed world. Although there is evidence of genetic predisposition to the disease, most of the genetic risk remains unexplained. We present the meta-analysis results of four genome-wide association studies (4907 cases and 11 945 controls total) in women of European ancestry. We describe one new locus reaching genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10 -8) at 6p22.3 (rs1740828; P = 2.29 × 10 -8, OR = 1.20), providing evidence of an additional region of interest for genetic susceptibility to endometrial cancer.

Harvey Risch | Peter Kraft | Mark McEvoy | Rodney J Scott | Lucy Xia | Jennifer Prescott | John Attia | Brian E Henderson | Loic Le Marchand | Jirong Long | Jolanta Lissowska | Ian Tomlinson | Alison M Dunning | Wei Zheng | Paul D P Pharoah | Montserrat Garcia-Closas | David J Hunter | Douglas F Easton | Stephen Chanock | Herbert Yu | Noel S Weiss | Irene Orlow | Xin Sheng | Elizabeth G Holliday | Jennifer Doherty | Susan E Hankinson | Constance Turman | Maggie Gorman | Lingeng Lu | C. Friedenreich | S. Chanock | M. García-Closas | P. Hartge | D. Hunter | T. Rebbeck | B. Henderson | C. Haiman | A. Spurdle | D. Easton | P. Kraft | R. Scott | P. Pharoah | S. Hankinson | L. Le Marchand | Zhaoming Wang | J. Long | X. Shu | Y. Xiang | W. Zheng | A. Dunning | Deborah J. Thompson | L. Brinton | J. Lissowska | M. Crous-Bou | I. Tomlinson | J. Attia | E. Holliday | D. J. Van Den Berg | P. Horn-Ross | N. Weiss | M. McEvoy | S. Olson | H. Risch | Herbert Yu | C. Sacerdote | I. Orlow | J. Doherty | S. Hodgson | J. Painter | X. Liang | Lynn Martin | M. Gorman | I. De Vivo | Hannah P. Yang | A. Magliocco | Xin Sheng | Loreall Pooler | Lucy Y. Xia | Chu Chen | N. Wentzensen | L. Cook | M. Gaudet | T. O’Mara | Lingeng Lu | Constance Turman | A. Black | J. Prescott | Sara H Olson | Zhaoming Wang | Amanda B Spurdle | Xiao-Ou Shu | Patricia Hartge | David Van Den Berg | Immaculata De Vivo | Amanda Black | Timothy R Rebbeck | Shirley Hodgson | Carlotta Sacerdote | Chu Chen | Yong-Bing Xiang | Deborah J Thompson | Linda S Cook | Mia M Gaudet | Lynn Martin | Louise Brinton | Loreall Pooler | Christopher Haiman | Timothy H. T. Cheng | Maxine M. Chen | Christine M Friedenreich | Anthony M Magliocco | Veronica Wendy Setiawan | Hannah P Yang | Marta Crous-Bou | Jodie N Painter | Tracy A O'Mara | Pamela L Horn-Ross | Radhai Rastogi | Maxine M Chen | Timothy Ht Cheng | Xiaolin Liang | Frederick Schumacher | Nicholas Wentzensen | X. Sheng | R. Rastogi | F. Schumacher | V. Wendy Setiawan | P. Horn‐Ross | Radhai Rastogi | Lucy Y. Xia | R. Scott | D. Hunter | R. Scott | B. Henderson | R. Scott | Lucy Xia

[1]  F. Takeuchi,et al.  Confirmation of Multiple Risk Loci and Genetic Impacts by a Genome-Wide Association Study of Type 2 Diabetes in the Japanese Population , 2009, Diabetes.

[2]  Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Locus at 7p15.2 Associated With Endometriosis , 2011 .

[3]  P. Donnelly,et al.  A Flexible and Accurate Genotype Imputation Method for the Next Generation of Genome-Wide Association Studies , 2009, PLoS genetics.

[4]  Manolis Kellis,et al.  HaploReg: a resource for exploring chromatin states, conservation, and regulatory motif alterations within sets of genetically linked variants , 2011, Nucleic Acids Res..

[5]  H. Hakonarson,et al.  Common variation at 6q16 within HACE1 and LIN28B influences susceptibility to neuroblastoma , 2012, Nature Genetics.

[6]  K. Schmid,et al.  SOX4, SOX11 and PAX6 mRNA expression was identified as a (prognostic) marker for the aggressiveness of neuroendocrine tumors of the lung by using next-generation expression analysis (NanoString). , 2015, Future oncology.

[7]  You-guang Huang,et al.  Down‐regulated SOX4 Expression Suppresses Cell Proliferation, Metastasis and Induces Apoptosis in Xuanwei Female Lung Cancer Patients , 2015, Journal of cellular biochemistry.

[8]  A. Spurdle,et al.  Most common 'sporadic' cancers have a significant germline genetic component. , 2014, Human molecular genetics.

[9]  J. Duke,et al.  Cohort profile: The Hunter Community Study. , 2010, International journal of epidemiology.

[10]  Yurii S. Aulchenko,et al.  ProbABEL package for genome-wide association analysis of imputed data , 2010, BMC Bioinformatics.

[11]  X. Yuan,et al.  SOX4 is a potential prognostic factor in human cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis , 2015, Clinical and Translational Oncology.

[12]  C. Friedenreich,et al.  Genome-wide association study of endometrial cancer in E2C2 , 2013, Human Genetics.

[13]  Daixing Zhou,et al.  Increased expression of SOX4 is a biomarker for malignant status and poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer , 2015, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry.

[14]  Peggy Hall,et al.  The NHGRI GWAS Catalog, a curated resource of SNP-trait associations , 2013, Nucleic Acids Res..

[15]  Peter Kraft,et al.  Identification of 23 new prostate cancer susceptibility loci using the iCOGS custom genotyping array , 2013, Nature Genetics.

[16]  Shannon M. Lynch,et al.  Maximizing resources to study an uncommon cancer: E2C2—Epidemiology of Endometrial Cancer Consortium , 2009, Cancer Causes & Control.

[17]  X. Yang,et al.  SOX4 is associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer and promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition in vitro , 2013, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Disease.

[18]  J. Aitken,et al.  Genetic and environmental contributions to size, color, shape, and other characteristics of melanocytic naevi in a sample of adolescent twins , 1999, Genetic epidemiology.

[19]  Pengbo Liu,et al.  Sex-determining region Y box 4 is a transforming oncogene in human prostate cancer cells. , 2006, Cancer research.

[20]  Yun Li,et al.  METAL: fast and efficient meta-analysis of genomewide association scans , 2010, Bioinform..

[21]  E. Feuer,et al.  SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2003 , 2006 .

[22]  D. Tompkins,et al.  Is diabetes mellitus associated with increased incidence and disease-specific mortality in endometrial cancer? A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. , 2014, Gynecologic oncology.

[23]  M. Beckmann,et al.  Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Possible Susceptibility Locus for Endometrial Cancer , 2012, Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention.

[24]  Aung Ko Win,et al.  A new GWAS and meta-analysis with 1000Genomes imputation identifies novel risk variants for colorectal cancer , 2015, Scientific Reports.

[25]  Data production leads,et al.  An integrated encyclopedia of DNA elements in the human genome , 2012 .

[26]  M. Goldacre,et al.  Cancer of the body of the uterus: trends in mortality and incidence in England, 1985–2008 , 2012, BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology.

[27]  M. Beckmann,et al.  Fine-mapping of the HNF1B multicancer locus identifies candidate variants that mediate endometrial cancer risk , 2014, Human molecular genetics.

[28]  N. Risch,et al.  Evaluating genetic association among ovarian, breast, and endometrial cancer: evidence for a breast/ovarian cancer relationship. , 1989, American journal of human genetics.

[29]  Jean-Baptiste Cazier,et al.  Meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies identifies susceptibility loci for colorectal cancer at 1q41, 3q26.2, 12q13.13 and 20q13.33 , 2010, Nature Genetics.

[30]  J. Ioannidis,et al.  Meta-analysis methods for genome-wide association studies and beyond , 2013, Nature Reviews Genetics.

[31]  C. la Vecchia,et al.  Family history of cancer and the risk of endometrial cancer , 2009, European journal of cancer prevention : the official journal of the European Cancer Prevention Organisation.

[32]  K. Cole,et al.  CASC15-S Is a Tumor Suppressor lncRNA at the 6p22 Neuroblastoma Susceptibility Locus. , 2015, Cancer research.

[33]  Wei Li,et al.  SOX4 overexpression is a novel biomarker of malignant status and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients , 2015, Tumor Biology.

[34]  J. Kaprio,et al.  Environmental and heritable factors in the causation of cancer--analyses of cohorts of twins from Sweden, Denmark, and Finland. , 2000, The New England journal of medicine.

[35]  J. Gulcher,et al.  A variant in CDKAL1 influences insulin response and risk of type 2 diabetes , 2007, Nature Genetics.

[36]  W. Gauderman Sample size requirements for association studies of gene-gene interaction. , 2002, American journal of epidemiology.

[37]  Gary K. Chen,et al.  Meta-analysis identifies common variants associated with body mass index in East Asians , 2012, Nature Genetics.

[38]  K. Hemminki,et al.  Endometrial cancer in the family-cancer database. , 1999, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[39]  M. Walter,et al.  SOX Genes: Architects of Development , 1996, Molecular medicine.

[40]  Nazneen Rahman,et al.  Chromosome 6p22 locus associated with clinically aggressive neuroblastoma. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[41]  P. Visscher,et al.  Conditional and joint multiple-SNP analysis of GWAS summary statistics identifies additional variants influencing complex traits , 2012, Nature Genetics.

[42]  R. Broaddus,et al.  Endometrial cancer and Lynch syndrome: clinical and pathologic considerations. , 2009, Cancer control : journal of the Moffitt Cancer Center.

[43]  Mara,et al.  Fine-mapping of the HNF 1 B multicancer locus identi fi es candidate variants thatmediate endometrial cancer risk , 2015 .

[44]  Jinjun Zhang,et al.  Overweight, Obesity and Endometrial Cancer Risk: Results from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis , 2014, The International journal of biological markers.

[45]  Gonçalo R. Abecasis,et al.  Minimac2: Faster Genotype Imputation , 2015, Bioinform..

[46]  R. Young,et al.  Super-Enhancers in the Control of Cell Identity and Disease , 2013, Cell.

[47]  M. Beckmann,et al.  Genome-wide association study identifies a common variant associated with risk of endometrial cancer , 2011, Nature Genetics.

[48]  Neal P. Kawas,et al.  The CASC15 long intergenic non-coding RNA locus is involved in melanoma progression and phenotype-switching , 2015, The Journal of investigative dermatology.

[49]  F. Hu,et al.  Common Variants in CDKAL1, CDKN2A/B, IGF2BP2, SLC30A8, and HHEX/IDE Genes Are Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glucose in a Chinese Han Population , 2008, Diabetes.

[50]  M. Lupien,et al.  Combinatorial effects of multiple enhancer variants in linkage disequilibrium dictate levels of gene expression to confer susceptibility to common traits , 2014, Genome research.

[51]  Simon C. Potter,et al.  Genome-wide association study of 14,000 cases of seven common diseases and 3,000 shared controls , 2007, Nature.

[52]  M. Beckmann,et al.  CYP19A1 fine-mapping and Mendelian randomization: estradiol is causal for endometrial cancer , 2015, Endocrine-related cancer.

[53]  S. Gruber,et al.  A population-based study of endometrial cancer and familial risk in younger women. Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study Group. , 1996, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[54]  G. Abecasis,et al.  MaCH: using sequence and genotype data to estimate haplotypes and unobserved genotypes , 2010, Genetic epidemiology.

[55]  M. Sherman,et al.  Recent changes in endometrial cancer trends among menopausal-age U.S. women. , 2013, Cancer epidemiology.

[56]  Lin Wang,et al.  Association of SOX4 regulated by tumor suppressor miR-30a with poor prognosis in low-grade chondrosarcoma , 2015, Tumor Biology.

[57]  William Wheeler,et al.  Genome-wide association study identifies multiple loci associated with bladder cancer risk. , 2014, Human molecular genetics.

[58]  Yusuke Nakamura,et al.  Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for pancreatic cancer , 2014, Nature Genetics.

[59]  C. Mathers,et al.  Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012 , 2015, International journal of cancer.

[60]  Steven J. M. Jones,et al.  Integrated genomic characterization of endometrial carcinoma , 2013, Nature.

[61]  Jingqin Luo,et al.  Epigenetic repression of microRNA-129-2 leads to overexpression of SOX4 oncogene in endometrial cancer. , 2009, Cancer research.

[62]  Jonathan Marchini,et al.  Modeling interactions with known risk loci—a Bayesian model averaging approach , 2011, Annals of human genetics.

[63]  Yu Zhang,et al.  SOX4 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and contributes to breast cancer progression. , 2012, Cancer research.

[64]  Aung Ko Win,et al.  Family History and Risk of Endometrial Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis , 2015, Obstetrics and gynecology.